Diversity, legal rights of students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Assorted variety, legitimate privileges of understudies - Essay Example Each IEP ought to be intended for one understudy and ought to be a totally individualized archive. The IEP channels the conveyance of a specialized curriculum administrations and supports for the understudy with an inability (La Venture, 2003). 3) Evaluations for a specialized curriculum. It ought to include in excess of a solitary procedure, be nondiscriminatory, be done in a child’s essential language, orchestrated by qualified multidisciplinary group, and customized to measure specific zones of need (La Venture, 2003). 4) Federal budgetary help. It will be given to neighborhood and state governments that furnish full instructive chances to understudies with handicaps. Since government law controls the privileges of instruction for understudies with extraordinary necessities, and because of the extra expenses related with teaching these understudies, bureaucratic cash is made accessible to schools dependent on the quantity of understudies in the custom curriculum program. Each understudy, paying little heed to cost or incapacity, ought to be given by state funded school regions the privilege to training inside their schools (La Venture, 2003). 5) Due procedure methods. Incidentally school areas and guardians contend on how a youngster with inabilities must be instructed. At the point when this happens, there are gauges set up to manage these contentions. Parent inclusion comprises of a) the option to get notice, b) equivalent association in the dynamic procedure, c) the option to give endorsement for specific exercises, for example, changes in arrangement, appraisals, and arrival of data to other people, d) and the option to participate in all gatherings with respect to their child’s specialized curriculum (La Venture, 2003). 6) Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) in which to learn. This idea uncovers the act’s strong tendency for instructing understudies with handicaps all in all training classes with the entrance to general instruction educational plan. Training in the general instruction study hall is the principal situation

Mobile Phone Use: Assess The Risks Compared With The Benefits Of Mobile Phone Use Particularly In Relation To Young People

Cell phones, the 21st century method of conveying, would they say they are an extraordinary thing that does some amazing things and upset individuals' lives? Or then again are the dangers to high a cost to pay? I will explore the dangers of utilizing cell phones. Around 1/4 (6 million) of cell phone clients are younger than 18 and the quantity of youthful clients is required to ascend with the all out quantities of clients is intended to ascend to 1.2 billion by 2005 with the quickest developing business sector as the 9-multi year olds. Subsequently the inquiries †are kids more in danger than others and what are the dangers should be asked and replied. Right off the bat wellbeing. The territory of the mind and its response to radiation is extremely unclear and researchers are not 100% secure with anything. There have been no particular examinations did by researchers and there is a major hole in our logical information here, however it has been demonstrated that cell phone use affects mind action and specialists consider kids to increasingly powerless there are numerous explanations behind this one of these is that kids are not completely evolved and their skulls are more slender thus it is simpler for the radiation waves to infiltrate the skull though a completely developed individual will have a thicker skull as is less in danger, despite the fact that it has been demonstrated through research that utilization of cell phones accelerates a people responses. Research has been done on 420 000 telephone clients to see if they have a connection with malignancy, no connection was found. Notwithstanding, the frequency of cerebrum malignant growth has expanded 25% since 1973, as indicated by the National Cancer Institute. Every year, 185,000 Americans will be determined to have an essential or metastatic cerebrum tumor, as per the National Brain Tumor Foundation. Likewise, in another Swedish investigation a relationship was found between cerebrum tumors and cell phone use, paying little mind to which side of the head it is utilized. So all things considered, however the present parity of proof doesn't show medical issues brought about by cell phones, it shows that cell phone use affects cerebrum action and this isn't an issue the cell phone producers can overlook. Another perspective is base stations (poles.) Should we be agonizing over these too? It is said that the closer the telephone is to a pole the more secure they are. This is on the grounds that they consequently diminish the yield by about 1000th of the full force. Thusly, the more individuals who utilize the cell phones; the more poles the organizations will set up; the more secure it will be to utilize the cell phones. The warming effect from base stations is 5000x littler than from the cell phone itself. Then again, notwithstanding, the ecological effect of poles may influence individuals' feeling of prosperity and there is an apparent hazard from them to wellbeing, so there is specific concern when set close to schools. The cost is another issue there is certainly different sides to this contention. One side of the contention is that the versatile is a pointless cost for guardians to adapt to, and that the youths exploit their folks. Then again, in the event that there is an issue with this, at that point the guardians can either say ‘look use it sparingly', or decline to take care of the tabs and get them a compensation and go telephone where it is the youngster's concern in the event that they have no cash on their telephones and they can pay for their own to-up vouchers. One preferred position is that it opens up the landline home for the guardians, as a parent †Anne Kent clarifies: â€Å"at first I thought it was pointless yet before long altered my perspective when I saw it opened up our telephone at home,† and has the further bit of leeway of decreasing landline charges as an outcome. Unmistakably this issue can be effortlessly tackled it simply needs a touch of presence of m ind. This leads us onto the following region, kids' wellbeing (according to wrongdoing) and capable use. One of the fundamental points of interest to youngsters having mobiles is that it gives their folks significant serenity so there are less stressed guardians particularly those in remote regions, As Mrs Watson of Northumberland clarifies: â€Å"we felt it was significant for Sian to have a cell phone since living in the nation we are very isolated.† Both parent and kid can have a sense of safety just being a call away from one another. Then again how secure is a youngster with the increasing wrongdoing insights. Wrongdoing is another huge issue that ought to be considered cautiously. Cell phone burglaries make up 36% of London's wrongdoing and 41% in Birmingham moreover. It has been said by the metropolitan police that robbing for cell phones has expanded by 53% in the most recent year with 11-16 years olds most in danger. 12% of youthful youngsters have had a telephone taken at any rate once, and the vast majority of this burglary is done by dark guys in packs. It is said by numerous that they just have telephones to flaunt. So would you say you are set up to face the challenge? The last issue is whether instruction is antagonistically influenced. From one viewpoint numerous schools state this isn't an issue much of the time in light of the fact that there are exacting ‘no telephone' rules. Then again, some state that mobiles have become the ‘teachers bug' with understudies utilizing mobiles to content during exercise, etc. Another side to this is the language utilized in instant messages for instance: â€Å"cul8r† (see you later) could this demolish the English language? My decision is that we can't just boycott telephones. It would resemble restricting the utilization of vehicles in light of the fact that there is a danger of injury or harm. It's wrong to remove the present age's method of imparting from them. Another explanation is that in the event that they were prohibited or even simply made illicit for kids to have them, there would a huge number of positions lost in light of the fact that the cell phone industry is developing day by day. We don't take the sham from the infant or the vehicle from the driver, so why the telephone from the adolescent. Be that as it may, in the light of the proof it would be similarly absurd to utilize them wilfully. So reasonable safeguards ought to guarantee safe use.

Review Kaplan TOEFL iBT Prep Plus 2018-2019

Review Kaplan TOEFL iBT Prep Plus 2018-2019 Note: I only review the speaking and writing sections of TOEFL books, since that is my area of expertise.My Overall Grade for Kaplan TOEFL Prep Plus: FSkills Building: What a strange book. The book is all about strategy. And it sure provides a lot of strategies. Strategy after strategy after strategy. The book just goes on and on and on. And it is written in a difficult style that I suspect a lot of ESL students will struggle with. This is a beefy book with fairly small print and barely any sample questions.I hate to say it, but I think it has too many strategies. Regarding speaking question four, for example, it provides 13 unique strategies, each about a paragraph long. This is the sort of thing that will overwhelm students, and makes the TOEFL needlessly complicated and perplexing. The book might be useful for teachers planning a long curriculum at a TOEFL tutoring center, but I dont think students need this much information. To make matters worse, often these strategies are illus trated using inaccurate sample questions, which will just compound the problem. Grade: D-Accuracy (speaking): The descriptions of speaking questions 1 and 2 are fine. The book doesnt mention some of the more recent question styles (such as giving advice and advantages and disadvantages) but I can forgive that since it was published back in 2017.The sample of speaking question 3 (page 201) is terrible. The reading is a help wanted posting for a school newspaper, and does not describe a change on campus. Obviously, then, it has no reasons for a change that can be referred to in the listening part.The sample of speaking question 4 (page 213) is pretty bad as well. It includes a decent reading part, but the listening part includes four examples of the concept referred to in the reading. The real test includes one or two examples.The samples of questions 5 and 6 are acceptable. Grade: C+Accuracy (writing): This part of the book is pretty bad. This chapter starts with a terrible integrate d writing question (page 269) that includes just two giant paragraphs in the reading section. The real test will always have four.It includes a second terrible integrated writing question on page 291. The reading part has no introductory paragraph, and includes a gigantic body paragraph of ten sentences. The real test average about 4 or 5 sentences per paragraph. It pairs that with a lecture that is way too long.The book does have one good integrated writing question on page 290.It includes a few good independent writing questions, but does not include any multiple choice prompts, which is a major shortcoming. Grade: FSample Tests: Note that the sample tests are only on Kaplans website. Follow the instructions in the book to gain access to them. Also note that while the book promises FOUR online tests, I can only find THREE. Maybe Im dumb, or maybe Kaplan isnt giving us what was promised. Let me know if you can find the last test.Note also that there is no option to read transcript s of the tests, or to skip to certain sections. If you want to get to the speaking and writing sections, be prepare for a lot of clicking, and to sit through all of the listening stuff. I suffered a browser freeze up once after having wasted 15 minutes of my life clicking through just to get to the speaking section.Anyways, I dont recommend actually using the tests since they are also affected by the inaccuracies described above. Get the Official iBT Tests instead. Grade: D-Note that this book (and all books) will be out of date starting August 1 of 2019 when the TOEFL will change.

Federal Funding With Stem Cell Research - 706 Words

Stem cell research is extremely prevalent in today’s society, and on the other hand controversial. When thinking of stem cell research many questions, and challenges arise from it. Some problems that arise from the topic of stem cell research involves, religious beliefs, personal, and ethical beliefs. In the next few paragraphs the facts of stem cell research will be mentioned, and questions will be answered with factual evidence. When the topic of stem cell research, and/ or treatment, people generally automatically jump to the conclusion of embryonic stem cells, when in retrospect according to Eurostemcell.org, an organization based website that is dedicated to supplying the public with the latest news and information on stem cells. According to the article there a few different types of stem cells. The first type of stem cell is, embryonic. Embryonic stem cells are grown in a laboratory from embryos cells at an early stage. The second type of stem cell is tissue stem cells . Tissue stem cells are found in all different parts of the body. Lastly the third type of stem cell is, Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS), or reprogrammed stem cells. IPSC are similar to embryonic stem cells but they are from adult specialized cells. Stem cell therapies are not new to the public. Hospitals have been doing bone marrow stem cell transplants for medical treatments. When scientists in 1998 found out they could remove stem cells from human embryos, some people liked the newlyShow MoreRelatedFederal Funding for Stem Cell Research2053 Words   |  8 PagesFederal Funding for Stem Cell Research Stem cells have become a subject of much interest and debate in politics, the scientific and religious communities of the United States of America and the world over. So what exactly is a stem cell? Well basically they are cells in the human body that exist in a sort of neutral state. They are the blank canvasses of the cellular world. What I mean is that they can go on to become many different types of cells in the human body. What might start offRead MoreThe Federal Funding Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe subject in this article is about the federal funding of embryonic stem-cell research. The argument is about Research on human embryonic stem cells and the development of therapies for chronic and debilitating diseases. The question is should the federal government of the United States provide funding for the stem cell research? The thesis of the argument is â€Å"others worry that even if research on embryos is not wrong in itself, it will open the way to a slippery slope of dehumanizing practicesRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Debate Over Federal Funding Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research: Pro-Federal Funding The Alliance for Aging Research is a non-profit organization that promotes the use of federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. As an agency geared toward improving the health of human beings as they age, some of their responsibilities include lobbying for federal legislation, conducting studies and surveys, and creating and distributing educational materials to health care professionals and the public. With Baby Boomers closely reachingRead MoreEssay Government Funding of Stem Cell Research775 Words   |  4 Pagesvoters was the battle over embryonic stem cell research. In the weeks leading up to the election, polls were indicating that 47 percent of Bush supporters agreed that the destruction of embryo cells is unethical; however, 53 percent of Bush voters supported stem cell research. The overwhelming majority of Kerry backers also supported stem cell research, indicating that the majority of American voters support stem cell research. Embryonic stem cell research, w hile still in its infancy, has theRead MoreStem Cell Research in America: A Perfect Storm of Ideology, Politics, Science, and Religion1818 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Stem Cell Research in America: A Perfect Storm of Ideology, Politics, Science, and Religion By: Me March 30, 2012 Abstract This paper discusses the recent history of stem cell research in the United States, tracking the controversies, politics, and promise of new technology that comes with a moral price. Starting in August of 2001, with President Bushs request that Stem Cell Research not be paid for with federal funding, the battle of science against religion began. (Rosenburg, 2001) DespiteRead MoreFederal Funds Should Be Used for Embryonic Stem Cell Research1401 Words   |  6 PagesAre embryonic stem cells the cure to many of the human body’s ailments, including defective organs and crippling diseases, or is their use a blatant disregard of human rights and the value of life?   Thanks to the rapid advancements in this field, the potential benefits of stem cells are slowly becoming reality.   However, embryonic stem cell research is an extremely divisive topic in the United States thanks to the ethical issues surrounding terminating embryos to harvest the stem cells.   In responseRead Mor eStem Research On Stem Cell Research1212 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Jason Bernard BIOL-10000 July 26, 2015 Introduction In this essay, I hope to analyze both sides of the debate, and also learn more about the topic and share that information. Prior to researching this topic, I feel that any research that can help prevent or cure diseases, than the research should receive full funding and support. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch, professors at the University of TorontoRead MoreCell Research : Stem Cell Therapy1095 Words   |  5 Pagestime I heard about stem cell research, but I remember when it first stood out to me was when quarterback Peyton Manning went over to Europe to get stem cell therapy done on his neck to prevent him from getting surgery done. Stem cells offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell. Stem cells are crucial to develop organisms. They are non-specialized cells which have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the bodyRead More Stem Cell Research Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research What is a Stem Cell? Stems cells are immature cells found in embryos that can develop into any kind of specialized cells. They can form virtually any cell of the human body. These types of stem cells are known as pluripotent cells. Multipotent cells are stem cells that are more mature; they can be found in adults and children. Multipotent cells are not as flexible as pluripotent cells, as they have already developed into more specialized human cells. Benefits of StemRead MoreMorality And Money : Stem Cell Research990 Words   |  4 PagesMoney: Stem Cell Research In 2001, with 22 human embryonic stem cell lines established, President George W. Bush signed legislation which prevented new, additional stem cell lines from being created and tightened restrictions on federal stem cell research funding. This legislation effectively constrained human embryonic stem cell research until 2009, when President Barack Obama reversed Bush’s legislation and relaxed the funding criteria. There are now 195 human embryonic stem cell lines

New Jersey Drug Task Force Officers - 959 Words

In 2009, news broke announcing the indictment of five Camden, New Jersey Drug Task Force police officers that operated in South Camden, New Jersey’s deteriorated neighborhoods. Specifically, the officers were alleged to have stolen money and drugs from dealers and used the funds and drugs to pay informants and plant evidence to stiffen charges against suspects. Moreover, these officers falsified police reports, paid for false witness testimony and used some of the stolen cash for personal use. South Camden, NJ has been struggling with criminal activity for years. Consequently, hardworking citizens and police officers entangled in the community have failed to rid the drug problem that has evolved and produced other nondrug-related crime. Community policing has been in effect for several years in this rundown city and police continue to struggle with disappointment. Of the five officers indicted three pled guilty, one was convicted, and the fifth acquitted of all charges (N ewall, 2010). Now that I have presented a brief understanding and background of the case against the five officers and the struggles police officers and the community face in South Camden, NJ, I will examine how five officers steered off of a virtuous path by the failures of the individuals and the environmental role in their demise. Specifically, I will identify the unethical behavior and contributing factors, provide my ethical opinion on the situation, the effects on the community, and how theShow MoreRelatedThe New Jersey Drug Task Force Police853 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2009, news broke that five Camden New Jersey Drug Task Force police officers operating in South Camden, NJ were indicted on police corruption. Specifically, the officers were alleged to have stolen money and drugs from dealers and used the funds and drugs to pay informants and plant evidence to stiffen charges against suspects. Moreover, these officers falsified police reports, paid for false witness testimony and used some of the stolen cash for personal use. South Camden, NJ has been strugglingRead MoreThe Police Department Is A Systematic Approach878 Words   |  4 Pages Baltimore City has seen an influx in violent crimes consisting of homicide, sexual assaults and robbery. It’s also noted that there is a strong connection with gang and drug related crimes. Due to the seriousness of crimes, low public opinion and community cries for help this matter because highly urgent. The mayor of Baltimore City Shelia Dickson and Governor O Malley wants the amount of violent crimes decreased drastically. I have chosen 6 departmental units to help assist withRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Criminal Justice System1582 Words   |  7 Pagesracially profile is through pretext traffic stops. A pre-text stop is a stop that is enforced by a police officer using a minor traffic violation as a reason to stop a vehicle. They check the identities of the people in the car, and to look for possible evidence of another crime. When an officer pulls a motorist over they have the right to seize anything that is evidence of a crime if the officer sees it in plain sight . National surveys conducted by the U.S Department of Justice find that while AfricanRead MoreRacial Discrimination During The United States1592 Words   |  7 Pagestension between whites and blacks. The people of the United States new very well that they had to treat African Americans with respect due to the Declaration of Independence, but words on a piece of paper did not seem to do much when African Americans were discriminated. Now that there are no laws regarding racial undermining or in-equality, a new form of disrespect has surfaced, police brutality. Police Brutality has become a new social media trend, and also a jaw dropping experience. Racial discriminationRead MoreA Dog Is The Only Thing On Earth1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdog is great. One profession show this tremendously and that is the K-9 Officer. The K9 Officer is part of the criminal justice system and works with many different department within the system. They are seen with the FBI, working with local riot c ontrol and even with the military police. They are a major part and are animal caretakers. They work extremely close with their partner, the canine. The canine is also an officer with the ranks of other law enforcers. The feelings of the handler and theRead MoreLabeling, Law, and Americas Drug Policy Essay3279 Words   |  14 Pageswas African-American, but 31 percent of persons committed to prison for violent crimes are African-Americans. African-Americans constitute 13 percent of all drug users, 35 percent of those arrested for drug possession, 55 percent of those convicted, and 74 percent of those imprisoned. The number of African-American women incarcerated for drug offenses in state prisons increased by 82.8 percent from 1986 to 1991 (USBJS). The most painful reality is the shameful disparity between opportunities for collegeRead MoreThe role of a public administrator in the United States Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagesqualified public servants must be in place to oversee the efficient implementation of government policies. (Andrews, 2011) â€Å"Public administrator† is a term which encompasses a wide range of possible job titles; public administrator’s range from parole officers to policy analysts, and each works day to day to help promote the welfare of society through government spending. These civil servants do not have an easy job; in almost any public administration job there are a plethora of ethical quandaries whichRead MoreGovernment officials are continually searching for ways to increase the safety of its citizens.1600 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease the safety of its citizens. Research has shown that one such way to accomplish this task is through the maintaining of public areas. Since the early 1980s, this idea has been known as the Broken Windows Theory. Applying this theory in the urban setting can increase the quality of living for the area citizens, help prevent future crimes, and promote a positive relationship betwee n the police force and the citizens. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling were not the first researchers to pointRead MoreCriminal Justice System And The Law System1421 Words   |  6 Pagescities of Oakland and Los Angeles to validate that this process-based model of regulation assists significantly in predicting people s willingness to comply with authorities. Their analysis of the interviews shows that citizens who confront police officers or judges assess those not on the outcomes that resulted, but on the process that shaped those outcomes. They argue that two aspects of that process are critical. One is the citizen s evaluation of the justice of the measures used, the second theRead MoreCommunity Policing Essay1934 Words   |  8 Pagesmaintenance issues, and felt something needed to be done to prevent crime and restore order. There are several policing strategies that have been implemented from the traditional model of policing to the Community-Oriented Policing Model in how Police Officers deter crime and how they work with community leaders in order to deter crime, restore order and make neighborhoods a safer place to live. This paper will discuss some of the outcomes and the major operational strategies of the police as well as the

Business Model of Amazon Free Essays

Opening of the internet to commercial activity, the creation of naming conventions for URLs and the development of a user friendly and free interface i. e. the browser were the three major developments that led to the advent of what is known as â€Å"e-business†. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Model of Amazon or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the economy has moved from agrarian to industrial to information age, the focus of the businessmen or the wealthy and powerful has also shifted in terms of the ways of obtaining wealth or doing business. In the agrarian age there was shortage of land which made ownership of land as the determinant of value. Powerful land barons typically accumulated vast tracts of land and coerced people who were bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord into living on and working it. As economy moved from agrarian to industrial age, physical assets owned by a firm became the determinants of value and shortage of raw-materials led the powerful industrialists to conspire to control the supply of raw materials. In this age, the market could absorb as much product as the industrialists could produce. The current era in which we live has been defined as the information age wherein relationships and intellectual capital are more important than anything else. One is not worried about physical assets anymore. Companies don’t compete with each other over superior products as they are largely commoditized rather compete increasingly on the basis of value added customer services. The economic battles of today are fought over the mind-space of consumers. In the information age power-play customers are not passive participants, in the way that land and raw materials were in the agrarian and industrial ages. In fact, according to Zang Hailing, it is the customers’ time that is in short supply, and therefore for any firm to succeed, emphasis needs to be given to the importance of reducing the customers’ time to adopt a new product. Thus, in a world where technology is changing every day and the transformation of consumers has happened from â€Å"Price Takers† to â€Å"Price Makers† as they are armed with more options and information; the companies that control more and more customer relationships will be the ones that hold the power in an industry and reap the lion’s share of the profits. E-commerce or e-business is an important tool that enables companies to reach out to the global market at low cost and provides abundant information about the consumers’ requirements and preferences easily which was not so easy earlier. Following figure is a glimpse of the promising future that the ecommerce industry holds. The US E-commerce has seen a 40% increase in the sales over the past 5 years as a percentage of the total retail sales in US. Source: http://ycharts. com Now when thinks about e-commerce, the first name that comes to everyone’s mind is that of Amazon. com. Not only most of the people have heard about it but there are many people who have actually used its services. Amazon was not only one of the few of the companies that thrived throughout the period in which many dot-com companies struggled to survive but has been constantly performing exceptionally well in terms of revenue per visitor which is one of the key parameters for any commercial website. Amazon has had one of the fastest growths in the internet’s history with revenues reaching $2, 8 billion in the first five years with Google’s revenue reaching only $15bn in the first five years. Now, just like any other traditional business in order to clearly understand an e-business one needs to have information on the following components: a) Business Strategy which determines the products and service offerings by the firm, the firms targeted customers and the firms value proposition. It also helps firms decide on the choices and the tradeoffs that the firm needs to make. b) Organizational form or structure c) Business processes which refer to the unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service. ) Value Chain i. e. the sequence of activities that a firm undertakes to create value, including the various steps of the supply chain but also additional activities, such as marketing, sales, and service. e) Core Competencies which are the collective learning’s of the firms and being distinctive create long term competitive advantage for the firm. From the beginning, the focus of Amazon. com has been on offering their customers compelling value. In the current report filing dated 04/13/12, Jeffrey Bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon. om writes â€Å"We realized that the Web was, and still is, the World Wide Wait. Therefore, we set out to offer customers something they simply could not get any other way, and began serving them with books. We brought them much more selection than was possible in a physical store (our store would now occupy 6 football fields), and presented it in a useful, easy-to-search, and easy-to-browse format in a store open 365 days a year, 24 hours a day. † The Value Proposition offered by Amazon. com is â€Å"earth’s largest selection—24/7, at competitive price. † Amazon. om has continuously focused on improving the shopping experience owing to which they substantially enhanced their stores in 1997. Though they started off with books, they now offer customers gift certificates, 1-ClickSM shopping, and vastly more r eviews, content, browsing options, and recommendation features. The company’s stated goal was to â€Å"be Earth’s most customer centric company for three primary customer sets: consumers, sellers and developers. † It targeted its first set of customers through its initial retail model where it sold only books. It offered the perfect combination of low prices, large selection and convenience or customer experience. The digital media allowed limitless inventory, boosted customer care and allowed higher margins and hence lowest prices. In 15 years Amazon went from 1 category to 16 main categories of books. Amazon began with books and needed to grow big fast. From 1995-1998, Amazon moved from books to music and again through the same combination moved to become the biggest seller of music in just 120 days! Amazon moved on develop its own digital driven supply chain and distribution network by hiring from the expert: Wal-Mart. Amazon accelerated development through its strategy of â€Å"Build, buy, partner† a) Build: Amazon keeps on creating new categories. For example, Amazon kicked off a new service by the name MyHabit. com in May 2011 that made fashion available to consumers directly from designers and boutique brands. b) Buy: When there is a lot of competition in any area and the competitors have a strong hold, Amazon believes in buying out the incumbent. Few of the acquisitions made by Amazon include Internet Movie Database  (IMDb), Zappos (an online shoe and apparel retailer) etc. ) Partner: Amazon has also entered into a lot of merchant partnerships. It offers its technological service and ecommerce expertise to third- parties. For example in October 2011, Amazon. com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. As mentioned before as well, Amazon want to be the â€Å"wo rld’s most customer-centric† company, and so their focus is on the â€Å"Customer Service†. It ensures customer loyalty through three main approaches: a) Recurring usage b) Seamless Integration c) Lock-in The following table tells us how Amazon uses all above mentioned approaches for its both customers: Sellers and consumers. | Sellers| Consumers| Recurring Usage| a. Developed a customer base close to 615mn users that can’t be ignored by sellers b. Ensures profit through optimized and reliable technology c. Developed a trusted Brand name| a. Created an ecosystem through Kindle b. Stores user’s media library c. Offers personalization to customers d. Gives special offers everyday| Seamless Integration| a. Monitors sellers rating ratings posted by consumers and expels sellers with bad ratings b. Offers Fulfillment by Amazon service(FBA) which allows third party sellers to use Amazon’s large warehouse and distribution network| a. For customers, all the sellers are highly commoditized and invisible. They buy it because of the Amazons brand value b. Get benefitted by Amazon Prime and free super saver shipping| Lock-in| a. By controlling or owning the customer accounts b. High level of infrastructure development required to ensure same level of customer service as offered by Amazon| a. By providing digital content that works only on Kindle b. Amazon Prime Program which requires annual subscription| | c. | c. | Amazon developed a value chain of itself for internal appraisal so as to identify its strengths and weaknesses that would help it add value and maintain a competitive advantage. Amazon uses the value chain model from Michael Porter’s book, â€Å"Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. † The first table represents the Primary activities of Amazon which are needed to produce a product or services for the end customers. Inbound logistics| Operations| Outbound logistics| Marketing ; Sales| Service| Avoids the overhead and large amounts of inventory carrying cost because it orders the books from the distributors. Easy and fast payment systems. Online customer systems and feedback. | Operates a number of transportation hubs that they refer to as injection points. Injection point locations are located in heavily customer concentrated areas. | Customer tracking  is an Amazon stronghold through which it provides personalized customers’ exper ience| Free return policy within 30 days. Uses marketplace to increase channel and range of goods through 3rd parties and customers. Highly reduced returns to suppliers (such as unsold books and media) due to available accurate forecasting technology | Customized buyer experience| Ability to aggregate orders bound for specific locations. | Interactive shipping and parceling price calculations. Free delivery based on single transaction spends. | Price comparison of new products with used products in marketplace shops. | Efficiently gathering information about customer experiences to inform service inputs and inventory controls. | 24 hour warehouse operations to meet customer demands. |   Utilizes the capabilities of its supply chain partners to deliver orders directly to ustomers which bypass the Amazon. com internal distribution center network|   Discounts and price reductions made available with suggested product mixes. Similar products recommended to customers interactively. | Offers customers gift certificates, 1-Click SM shopping, and vastly more reviews, content, browsing options, and recommendation features. | The next table gives information about the various support activities performed by Amazon which help to facilitate or assist its primary activities. | Value Creation| Cost Reduction| Firm Infrastructure| Huge central customer data warehouse available to all business units. Amazon’s single technology platform with services being incrementally distributed to other worldwide locations, reduces costs by leveraging investments | Human Resource Management| Amazon. com has a great training for its employees resulting in talented, smart and hard working group. Offers employees unique benefits such as medical, paid time off and stock grants and relocation allowances and hence attract highly skilled workers| Amazon utilizes independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement their workforce, particularly on a seasonal basis. Although Amazon has works councils and statutory employee representation obligations in certain countries, Amazon’s employees are not represented by a labor union| Technology Development| High investments in technology development (e. g. , Kindle) to best leverage digital products. Innovations such as personalized recommendations, one-click ordering, and search inside the book are all Amazon. com innovations. Highly customized software applications that support their supply chain business model. For example, Amazon. om is linked into Ingram’s systems to see Ingram inventory levels when deciding whether to use Ingram to drop ship an order to a customer | Building an IT strategy, IT infrastructure and Data Centre on Linux open source software thus reducing cost of technology development. Renting computing resources to other companies reduce total cost of ownership Using standard hardware systems from HP to reduce cost of maintenance and compatibility| Procurement| Utilize s a Sales and Operations (SOP) planning process to determine forecasts for each roduct that it stores in its distribution center inventoryUses the strategic business unit – Booksurge to keep a rich inventory of digital copies of books so as to make this readily available for customers through print-on-demand and reduce the time of delivery | Specially built distribution Centers, warehouses and fulfillment Centers to increase the speed of order processing thus avoiding transaction costs of contracting out| In addition to the business strategies the value chain components mentioned above, the success of Amazon. om can be attributed to the entrepreneurial spirit of its founder chief executive officer Jeff Bezos and the strong inclination of the firm towards bringing about innovation in the business model. Let us discuss both factors one by one. Entrepreneurial Spirit of Jeff Bezos: Jeff Bezos can be regarded as the forward-looking CEO responsible for the success of Amazon. com. He has not only efficiently managed the present but through his long term vision always taken steps to create the future. The computer science and electrical engineering graduate from Princeton University moved to Seattle after resigning as a Senior Vice-President at D. E. Shaw, a Wall Street investment bank. At the time Bezos didn’t know much about the Internet but he came across a statistic that the Internet was growing at 2300%, which convinced him that it was a large growth opportunity. Without knowing anything more, he plunged into the world of e-commerce with no prior retailing experience. It was his decision to locate the company in Seattle because it had a large pool of technical talent and since it was close to one of the largest book wholesalers located in Rosenburg, Oregon. Moreover, the sales tax laws for online retailers state that one has to charge sales tax in the state in which one is incorporated. Therefore it was logical to locate in a small state. Under his guidance and logical thinking Amazon. com quickly became the leader in e-commerce. Operating 24 hours a day, the site was user-friendly and encouraged browsers to post their own reviews of books and offering discounts, personalized recommendations, and searches for out-of-print books. In June 1998 it began selling CDs, and later that year it added videos. In 1999 Bezos, looking at the future trends, added auctions to the site and invested in other virtual stores. The success of Amazon. com encouraged other retailers, including major book chains, to establish online stores. As more companies battled for Internet dollars, Bezos saw the need to diversify, and by 2005 Amazon. com offered a vast array of products, including consumer electronics, apparel, and hardware. And with the Jeff Bezos vision to make every book ever in print in any language available to the consumer in 60 seconds, Amazon launched the handheld device called Kindle in 2007. Bezos is the quintessential dot-com icon. He proved to the business world that the Internet was about more than knowledge. He proved that it is possible to overcome fears about purchasing online, to drive down transaction costs, and to build an international e-commerce business over the Internet. He had the courage to attempt something that people doubted could be done. . At the age of 35, Jeff Bezos was picked as the 1999 Time person of the year. Describing why it chose Bezos, Time magazine said, â€Å"Bezos’  vision  of the online retailing universe was so complete, his Amazon. om site so elegant and appealing that it became from Day One the point of reference for anyone who had anything to sell online. † Innovation in the Business Model: Amazon survived the dot-com bust because it had a viable and innovative  business model  built around a market-changing customer value proposition and a radical profit formula and over it has been able to sustain its position as the leader in e-commerce by bringing about continuous innovations in its business model. Let us look at some of the different dimensions wherein Amazon. om has been able to bring about business innovation. a) Offerings: By offering a handheld device dedicated to reading, Kindle, Amazon. com revolutionized the books industry. By creating a product like Kindle, the created a perfect, integrated and streamlined customer experience. b) Platform: With Amazon Web Services, Fulfillment By Amazon, and Kindle Direct Publishing, Amazon is creating powerful self-service platforms that allow thousands of people to boldly experiment and accomplish things that would otherwise be impossible or impractical. ) Customers: In 2002 Amazon launched a web services platform and identified a new area of potential growth by finding another new customer—the IT community. Serving this new customer’s needs required different processes, different resources, and a different profit formulaâ€⠀in short, another  new business model. d) Customer Experience: 1-Click combined with Gift-Click and Wish List made Amazon. com the most convenient, easiest-to-use shopping destination the holiday season. Wish List allows customers to post the gifts they’d most like to receive from family and friends, while Gift-Click allows customers to send gifts easily by entering just the e-mail addresses of their recipients. e) Value Capture: By opening up its storefront to other retailers that were essentially competitors, Amazon transformed its business from direct sales to a sales-and-service model, aggregating many sellers under one virtual roof and receiving commissions from the other companies’ sales. ) Supply Chain: Fulfillment by Amazon service (FBA) by Amazon is a classic example of innovating business model through supply chain. FBA allows third party sellers to use Amazon’s large warehouse and distribution network and in the last quarter of 2011, shipped tens of millions of items on behalf of sellers. When sellers use FBA, their items become eligible for Amazon Prime, for Super Saver Shipping, and for Amazon returns processing and customer service. From the above discussion of Amazon’s business strategy, value chain analysis and the success factors we can conclude that Amazon has a robust Business model. Amazon’s business model fends off all the four threats. It has the costly-to-imitate financial and technological resources, it has developed protection against holdup by seamlessly vertically integrating its both the customers i. e. the sellers and the consumers. Reduced slack by locking-in the customers and the sellers and fights substitution through innovation in business model. How to cite Business Model of Amazon, Essay examples

What was the revolutionary war about an Example of the Topic History Essays by

What was the revolutionary war about? The American Revolutionary War which is also popularly referred as the American war of independence was a conflict between the Kingdom of the Great Britain and the British colonies in America. This war was fought between 1775 and 1783 where the American Thirteen colonists joined hands together to break the British Empire in America. The thirteen colonists overthrew the British rule through seizing the control of the region and formally declared their independence forming a new nation which is today referred to as the United States of America. This revolution has been described as one of the most important event in the American history. Without it the United States of America would never have been as this war gave birth to one of the most powerful nation in the world. (Middlekauf, R 2005 204) Need essay sample on "What was the revolutionary war about?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The thirteen colonists first rejected the British authority where they were being governed from England. They vehemently rejected being controlled by the United Kingdom parliament. This meant that rules were being made in a foreign land and applied on the America. The thirteen colonists wanted to have a direct representation where they would be able to elect their own people to govern their territory on their behalf without having anything to do with the crown. The war was between the British and the American people who wanted to be given autonomy from the British Empire. The American independence war has been described as unique as it involved mother country and people who had migrated from different parts of the world. These are people from Britain, France Scotland and other parts of Europe. In this war there were three groups, those who fought for Britain, the revolutionaries, loyalists and neutrals. The revolutionaries are the American people who wanted to break away from the influence of the crown. They no longer wanted to be ruled from Britain, they wanted to have their own from of representation and independence. On the other hand the loyalists were the people who were sympathetic to the crown authority. They wanted to continue being governed from Britain. These people were not dissatisfied with the British rule as the patriots were; they fought alongside the British soldiers. It is estimated that close to fifteen per cent of the white population was loyalist, some African American also fought on the British side as well as Native Americans. Mo st of the Loyalists were considered to have been favored by the system that explains why they did not find any fault with it. They were considered as wealthy people who had property and in most cases the majority benefited from the system which the revolutionaries wanted removed from their land. (Bailyn, B 2000 92) In any war there are winners and losers, one would have expected this war to have a clear cut line between these two sides, but this war was unique since the same people who won had a part of population who are considered as losers. The loyalists would have liked the British authority to continued being exercised in their land. They owned property and were considered wealthy lot. The war was a disruption of their life and means of creating wealth. The loyalists lost their properties to the revolutionaries who felt that they had betrayed the course of their history by siding with the enemy who wanted to continue exerting unfair authority upon the mighty country. The loyalists believed that the war was unnecessary since there are other means which would have been used to achieve the end results. They also feared that granting British American colonies independence would lead to the loss of the economic benefits which the colonies derived from being members of the British Empire. To them American revolutionary war was not necessary since it would cause more problems than it would benefit the American colonies. This group can be described as outright losers on the American land since their wishes never came to be. Their quest to have the British American colonies being governed by the British parliament never came to pass. After the war some of the loyalist had their property confiscated by the patriots. It is also estimated that close to one hundred thousand loyalists had to leave the colonies due to the hostility they experienced due to the position they took in the course of the war. They were seen as traitors who were against the noble cause of fighting for the independence of their land and ending the British parliament domination of the American colonies. Most of the loyalists moved to Canada where they settled while others eventually returned. Their return did not guarantee them their freedom and enjoyment of the fruits of the independence; they were not allowed to hold any public office with some states declaring them as non persons in the American history. (Bailey, Thomas 2009 78) The Tories have been described as traitors in some quarters whereas in some occasions they have been referred as heroes. In the big picture the Tories were pro establishment therefore they betrayed the course of the American people to be free. They were a group of people who supported the domination of the America by the British parliament something which was not justified. The fact that the colonies paid the taxes to the British Empire without proper representation was a justified cause to seek fro independence. To the Tories this was not justified since most of them had gained from the system. They had amassed enough wealth and wanted to continue enjoying the British Empire protection. The issue of slavery emerged as contentious in the process of constitution making. It shaped the process as well as the future of this country. There are those who felt that slavery should be abolished where others especially those who owned huge tracts of plantation wanted to continue reaping benefi ts from slavery. This is an issue that divided the nation and led to a conflict which threatened the union. (Middlekauf, R 2005 543) American revolutionary was all about independence and freedom, but not all the people in the British colonies wanted this therefore there was a division between people in the same land giving rise to the loyalist and patriots. At the end of it all the lines which were drawn during the war eventually disappeared and all Americans came to regard each others as one. Work Cited Bailyn, B.The Ideological Origin of the American Revolution, Harvard University Press (2000) Bailey, Thomas.The American Spirit: History as seen by Contemporaries, engage Learning (2009) Middlekauf, R.The Glorious Cause: American Revolution, Oxford University Press (2005)