Analysis Of The Poem Ankh - 1011 Words

Symbolism 101 Assignment: Ankh Cindy Alexander Do to being born into a strong Roman Catholic family, this symbol automatically reminds me of the some of the priests and on occasion some of the nuns wearing this cross around their neck. I always liked this cross much better than the crucifix. That one always scared me as a small child. I remember thinking that this one looked kind of like a stick figure of a woman. She had to be in a dress because you couldn t see her legs. I still like the look of this symbol today. Even more so now that I know the history behind it. The Ankh like most spiritual symbols, don t have a single simple meaning. But let s start with the fact that the ankh is an Egyptian letter; specifically, it is a†¦show more content†¦At this point, I am rolling my eyes. This, to me, seems like a very Juvenal explanation for such a powerful symbol. Another theory was put forth by Wallis Budge an Egyptologist, who claimed the Ankh originated from the belt buckle of Isis. Or to be more specific the tjet, or the knot of Isis. This was said to be a ceremonial girdle that was thought to represent the female genitalia. Although this is just a theory, it is in keeping with the meaning the Egyptians have held throughout history up till the present day. The Ankh has also been associated with the mirror. This is in no small part to the fact that the Egyptians believe that the afterlife is a mirror image of life on earth. Ankhs were made out of a wide verity of materials like metal, wood, faience, terracotta, and stone. They were believed to have magical powers, which were thought to provide the wearer with supernatural benefits. Of course, the specific power of the ankh was determined by the material it was made from, as well as the color. An ankh was an amulet that was worn by many throughout their life and carried with them to their grave. Even Elvis Presley wore an Ankh amulet. And when he was criticized for doing so, his response was â€Å"I don t want to miss out on Heaven because of a technicality.† As far as how the Ankh is used in modern day pagan practices,

Using Kalman Filter Is Digital Signal Processing Based Filter

2.4 VIDEO DENOISING Nowadays digital cameras which is used to capture images and videos are storing it directly in digital form. But this digital data ie. images or videos are corrupted by various types of noises. It may cause due to some disturbances or may be impulse noise. To suppress noise and improve the image performances we use image processing schemes. In this paper they uses Kalman filter to remove the impulse noise. The Kalman filter is digital signal processing based filter. It estimates three states past, present and future of a system.[10] To remove noise from video sequences they utilize both temporal and spatial information. In the temporal domain, by collecting neighbouring frames based on similarities of all images, to remove noise from a video tracking sequence they given a low-rank matrix recovery phenomena. [11] 3. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED 3.1 Wavelength De-noising 3.2 Bilateral De-noising 3.1 WAVELENGTH DENOISING Basically a wavelet is small wave, which has its energy concentrated in time to give a tool for the analysis time varying phenomena. It is easier to remove noise from a contaminated 1D or 2D data using these algorithms to eliminate the small coefficient associated to the noise. In many signals, mostly concentration of energy is in a small number of dimensions and the coefficients of these dimensions are relatively large compared to other dimensions (noise) that has its energy spread over a large number of coefficients. In wavelet thresholdingShow MoreRelatedNeural Recording And Processing Of The Neural Signals1180 Words   |  5 PagesNeural Recording and Processing The most critical element of a Brain Machine Interface (BMI) is the recording and processing of the neural signal. We use an invasive neural signal recording to achieve higher performance of the BMI and to obtain better resolution. 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Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers Free Essays

Introduction 1. Proposed Working Title Impact of the Recession on the Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers in the UK food industry 2. Research Background According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, an economy is said to be in a recession when there is a decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for two successive quarters. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers or any similar topic only for you Order Now The recent economic downturn which commenced in 2007 has hit UK in a huge way. The recent recession is described as the worst recession to have hit the country since the Second World War, with GDP declining up to 3.8% in 2009 and unemployment having risen to its highest point in sixteen years. The credit crunch has undoubtedly has had a significant impact on consumer trends and behaviour. With many households facing unemployment, there has been a major cut back in consumer spending. The areas where consumers were found to cut back on spending are personal durables (e.g. clothing), indulgences (e.g. premium coffee), household durables (.g. electronics) and services (e.g. salon treatment). Alongside alterations have also been found in consumer preferences and purchase behaviour. Numerous studies have found that consumer behaviour during the recession is characterised by an increased sensitivity to price, marking a shift to lower cost products. Studies have also found that there is an increased focus on quality during the recession period, implying that consumers are increasingly looking for products that are of good quality, yet affordable. With retailers facing increasing cost of production during the economic downturn, to make a profit it is necessary for retailer to push the increase in prices to customers. This may prove to be an even greater challenge for ethical goods producers. In line, Carrigan et al state that â€Å"it is all very well asking people to spend a little more to save the planet while everyone is rolling in and times are good, but once things turn sour and people start tightening their belts then things may be a little different†. The credit crunch is bound to pose the biggest challenges ever for ethical consumerism. In this conte xt, it is highly relevant to study the impact of the recession on ethical consumer behaviour. This research will focus on evaluating the impact of recession on ethical consumer behaviour in the food sector. Specifically, the study will focus on ethical retailers in the food industry in the UK. Gaining a good understanding of how consumers are responding to the prolonged economic downturn in regard to ethical purchase behaviour is crucial in leading both ethical and non ethical companies in making changes to their fundamental business model in order to ensure success. Although there are signs that the economy is improving, which might question the relevance of this research, it is important to note that changes in consumer behaviour caused by a recession are likely to remain for a long period. So whilst economists may signal that the recession has ended and recovery has begun, consumers are unlikely to reflect this in their buying behaviour immediately. 3. Research Aims The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of the recent recession on the buying behaviour of ethical consumers. 4. Research Questions / Objectives The most important question that this research proposes is: How does the economic downturn impact ethical consumer behaviourThis question in turn provokes us to find answers to other significant questions such as: What challenges does the recent recession present to consumers wishing to consume sustainably and ethicallyDoes price factor outweigh ethical values during the recessionWhat challenges does the recent recession present to marketers in the food industry to produce sustainable and ethical goods? The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the economic downturn on the purchasing behaviour of ethical consumers. Other key objectives include – 1. To evaluate the impact of the economic downturn on marketers of ethical goods 2. To explore ways in which ethical retailers can engage consumers with social responsibility attitudes and retain their loyalty during and after the recession 5. Literature Review The Ethical Consumer Researcher Association (ECRA) describe ethical consumerism in its truest sense as purchasing goods or services which do not harmful to the environment and society, and are made without harming the environment or exploiting workers. Consumers can express their ethical values and feelings of responsibility towards society by either buying products for their positive ethical qualities (e.g. free trade, organic etc) or by boycotting products for their perceived unethical characteristics (e.g. products produced using child labour). Ethical consumerism has been a growing trend globally and particularly in the UK. Cooperative Bank’ 2009 Ethical Consumerism Report revealed that the total sales of ethical products in the UK has grown almost threefold in the past ten years. The ethical market in the UK was worth 13.5 billion pounds in 1999 and in 2008 was estimated to be worth 36 billion pounds. The growth in ethical consumerism during the last decade has been in the 2005 – 2007 periods and primarily in the food and finance sectors. The report further highlights that there is a significant rise in Britons holding socially responsible attitudes and this growth has not been affected by the recession. However, Carrigan et al caution that this picture is not very encouraging as firstly reality is far from how it is pictured, describing it as the 30:3 syndrome. According to Carrigan et al, while a third of consumers admit to care about companies’ social responsibility and sustainability initiatives, it is important to note that ethical goods rarely achieve more than 3 per cent of the market share. Carrigan et al note that even though the idea of ethical consumerism is better understood by customers today and they hold more socially responsible attitudes, it does not necessarily mean that these attitudes are translated into ethical purchases. The findings of some researches suggest that except among a minority of consumers, ethical values and principles hold third stand in purchase decisions, with factors such as price and quality holding the greatest priority. The cause for this substantial gap in between consumer attitude towards ethical purchases and actual purchase of ethical products is that consumers consider several product attributes jointly when making a purchase decision, such as, price, quality, attitude and brand knowledge. When evaluating an ethical product, consumers are influenced by several relevant product and marketing attributes. These can be divided into thre e categories. Firstly, consumers are faced to choose between different types of ethical claims. Second, their purchase decision will depend upon the credibility of the brand and third marketing efforts and advertisements will influence consumer purchase decision. Thus clearly ethical consumer behaviour like all other attributes of consumer behaviour is exposed to the risks of recession and can be highly unpredictable. Although the Ethical Consumerism Report highlights a consistent growth in the ethical market in the last ten years, it is forecasted that the value of the ethical sector would slow down until 2012 owing to the sluggish economy with price being the most important factor influencing consumer purchase decisions. The ethical market is expected to pick up again in 2012 as the economy becomes more favourable. With some surveys revealing that in the context of the recession, consumer ethical behaviours are being limited by cost as people are less likely to pay a premium price for goods produced ethically, some other survey findings reveal that consumers are willing to pay more for ethically produced goods and services during the recession period. A major limitation of these studies is that they have not focused on any one particular se ctor. 6. Methodology The proposed research is guided by the philosophy of positivism. According to logical positivism the world simply consists of observable empirical regularities and science should restrict itself to describing these in the form of objectives, falsifiable propositions. The nature of the proposed research is exploratory in order to develop deep insights and ideas about the underlying nature of the research topic and in turn generate a hypothesis. The exploratory research will begin with a study of the reported findings of other researchers. This process is called literature review. For conducting the literature review, Hart’ six step process will be employed. The six steps for conducting the literature review are – Begin general reading to define the topic Establish the scope of the research topic and locate major themes Establish objectives for the literature search Plan the structure of the literature search, including codes and cross referencing Plan sources to be read Begin reading of selected sources In addition to helping gain deep insights into the research topic, the literature review is also used for evaluating the research methods selected for the recent research. The main sources of the literature review will be core marketing textbooks and professional journals from online databases such as Emerald and JSTOR. Stemming from the deductive nature of positivist researches, both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection will be used. Specifically, semi structured face to face interviews will be used for gathering data from key respondents of the selected ethical retail firms in the food industry; and survey questionnaire will be used for gathering data from consumers. Interviewing is selected for gathering data from the ethical retail firms as it stands out as the best method for gathering rich and holistic information quickly from a relatively small sample[12]. A list of topics to be covered will be prepared to help ensure that important points are not overlooked and that the interview follows a logical progression. Survey method is the technique of gathering data by asking questions from people who are thought to have the desired information. Survey method is chosen for gathering data from customers because compared to other primary data collection techniques, questionnaires he lp gather data from a large sample with lesser cost and time. In addition, questionnaires also provide participants the chance to submit thoughtful responses, since they have time to look up information and reflect before responding, plus there is a high contact rate. Questions will be crafted carefully so that it will stimulate unambiguous answers from the respondents. The questionnaires will be administered directly to consumers. 7. Project Schedule Research Gantt Chart (Week commencing 11 July 2010) BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhattacharyya, D.K., 2003. Research Methodology. New Delhi: Excel Books. Carrigan, M. and Pelsmacker, P., 2009. Will ethical consumers sustain their values in the global credit crunchInternational Marketing Review, Vol 26, Issue 6, pp. 674 – 687 Carrigan, M., Marinova, S., Szmigin, I., 2005. Ethics and international marketing. International Marketing Review, Vol 22, No 5. Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D., 2005. The ethical consumer. Sage Publications. Interbrand, 2009. Consumer spending in a recession. Available online: www.interbrand.com [accessed on 21 May 2010 Keinert, C., 2008. Corporate social responsibility as an international strategy. Springer. Gill, J. and Johnson, P., 2002. Research Methods for Managers. 3rd ed. London: SAGE publications. Patton, M.Q., 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. USA: SAGE publications Varey, R.J., 2002. Marketing communication: principles and practice. Routledge. UK Cooperative Bank, 2009. Ethical Consumer Report 2009. Available online: www.ethicalconsumer.org [accessed on 21 May 2010 How to cite Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers, Essay examples

Separation of Plant Pigment by Paper Chromatography- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSeparation of Plant Pigment by Paper Chromatography. Answer: Plants have molecules that have the ability to absorb certain wavelength of light and reflect others. These colored molecules found in plants are called pigments, the color being imparted by virtue of selective absorption of light waves. Molecules contain electrons that can absorb a particular amount of energy and move to the next higher energy level from their resting state. Light waves having that optimum level of energy within them get absorbed by a molecule and all other light waves are reflected back (Bassham 2015). Same phenomenon occurs in case of plants pigments. The gained energy is released or transferred in various forms to return back to its resting state. In plants that energy is utilized during photosynthesis to convert the solar energy into chemical energy of glucose or other carbohydrates. Some of the different kinds of pigments found in pants are Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Xanthophyll. Apart from photosynthesis, the vibrant colors of pigments of attract insects whic h eventually help in pollination. Chlorophyll is the main pigment found in all plants. It can be of different types- chlorophyll a, b, c and d. Chlorophyll a absorbs light of wavelengths 430 nm (blue) and 662nm (red), strongly reflecting green light. Carotenoids are accessory pigments absorbing light of wavelength between 460nm to 550nm. Other pigments do not absorb light as efficiently as the two already mentioned (Tanaka, Sasaki and Ohmiya 2008). Chromatography is one of the most widely used methods in separation science. It can separate molecules based on their solubility in a particular solvent and identify them using predefined standards. It has been classified into several types based on the phases used and the separation mechanisms. The most common types of techniques are Paper Chromatography, Column Chromatography, This Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, and Affinity Chromatography and so on. Paper Chromatography have been widely used to separate plant pigment. The basic principle is the pigment extracts are being places on the paper, the stationary phase and placed in developing chamber with an appropriate solvent. The solvent binds with the pigments and travels different lengths based on their solubility in the solvent. Most soluble pigments travel the farthest. Each pigment has a standard distance that it travels (Block, Le Strange and Zweig 2013). The ratio of the distance travelled by a pigment to that of the solvent font is known as the Rf value. The equipment required to perform a pigment separation experiment are as flows: Plant leaves, Ruler Large, test tube Cork with push pin, Chromatography paper (precut 18 cm strips), Pencil, Chromatography solvent (9:1 petroleum ether acetone), 6 ml syringe, Colored pencils, Calculator, Scissors, Plastic wrap (Ikan 2013). After extracting the pigments they are placed on the paper separately along a line drawn on it. The solvent is taken in a test tube and the paper is placed inside it carefully and left undisturbed. The pigments will rise to different heights and separate into distinct bands. The distance travelled by the solvent and the pigments are then measured and the Rf values are calculated using a calculator. The values are compared to standard values to identify the different pigment present in the mixture. References Tanaka, Y., Sasaki, N. and Ohmiya, A., 2008. Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids.The Plant Journal,54(4), pp.733-749. Bassham, D.C., 2015. Plant biology: Pigments on the move.Nature,526(7575), pp.644-645. Block, R.J., Le Strange, R. and Zweig, G., 2013.Paper Chromatography: A Laboratory Manual. Elsevier. Ikan, R., 2013.Natural products: a laboratory guide. Elsevier.