Global warming global trend Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global warming global trend - Thesis Example Conversely, there are people who believe that global warming is a myth. According to these people, the earth has witnessed close to 63 alterations between cold and warm climates over the last 1.6 million years. They believe that none of these indications or alterations was caused by changes in the levels of carbon dioxide due to human activity. According to Edmund Contoski (2010), global warming is not scientifically proven because the earth periodically experiences climate change (Gale Cengage Learning 1). This topic was chosen because of the differing views on the cause of global warming. It was also selected in order to research views on global warming that are not popular or mainstream. The first article that will be analyzed is an article by Gale Cengage Learning. The article published in 2010 states that global warming is a myth. The article is based on the observations of Edmund Contoski who found that over the last 1.6 million years, earth has experienced changing climatic conditions. These changes were not caused by an increase in carbon dioxide levels due to human activities. According to Gale Cengage Learning, global warming has not been scientifically proven to show that humans cause the changes in climatic conditions. This article is logically structured because it begins with an abstract that outlines the main arguments and the direction that the article will take. Before the introduction, the author asks readers to consider three questions. Thereafter, the article proceeds to show that there is no connection between global warming and the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. According to Edmund and Gale (2010), manmade emissions of greenhouse gase s such as carbon dioxide significantly increased after the period of global industrialization. Since this period, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have increased steadily. Approximately

Online Education Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Education Theory - Essay Example Bullen and Janes (2007) reckon that institutions of higher education around the world are now appreciating the importance of e-learning as a strategy of managing the ever-growing and ever-changing student populations. Life-long learning has become a necessity, while at the same time time-constraints and job commitments and the sheer numbers of students pursuing education make it more sensible to pursue other forms of delivering education besides the traditional institution-based form. As a result, distance learning was born and developed and now online education is developing at ever increasing rates. Beard et al. (2007) however argues that there is a risk of e-learning focusing on the technological aspect rather than the educational aspect; that is, more emphasis on the â€Å"e† than on the â€Å"learning†. A deep theoretical foundation is thus required to sustain e-learning. From the learning theories developed for traditional face-to-face education, theories for onli ne teaching and learning can be extrapolated and studied. This paper addresses a theoretical framework for online education based on existing ones, based on the statement that a constructivist-minimalist theory is the most effective in guiding online teaching and learning. This theory is developed from my own experience as an online learning student and hence I will focus on how the theory guides my approach to e-learning and how it affects my learning practices. The Constructivism-Minimalism Theory I developed this theory from two existing theories; the constructivism and the minimalism theories. To begin with, the constructivism theory is one in which cognition is focused upon. The learner undertakes an active learning process in which new ideas are constructed from their knowledge (Kearsely, 1994). It is meant to influence the student to explore beyond the information given to them by the instructor through cognitive structures which provide meaning and organization. Bruner (1966 ) states that the instructor should aim to influence the students to construct their own hypotheses, and make decisions and discover principles on their own. A spiral model is utilized to make students build knowledge upon existing knowledge in them. The instructor designs the most effective sequence for presentation of material and structures it to facilitate the learners’ comprehension. A consequence of the constructivism theory is that it enables me to associate it with another theory so as to come up with my own perspective. Carroll’s Minimalist theory is specifically designed for computer users and hence quite applicable to online education. In a close relation to Bruner’s constructivism theory, the minimalist theory also focuses on exploiting the learner’s previous knowledge and experience besides advocating for an active learning process. The backbone to the minimalist theory is the idea that instructors should minimize the obstruction of learning resulting from instructional materials and instead focus efforts on activities that are learner-directed. Passive forms of learning are minimized, with the learners being prompted to fill in the gaps, besides error recognition and recovery activities (Carroll, 1998; Kearsely, 1994; Patsula, 1999). The Constructivist-minimalist theory that I have developed

Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

History of Dubai and its Architecture

History of Dubai and its Architecture One of seven semi-autonomous states within the United Arab Emirates called Dubai has turned out to be a rising force in the Middle East. Half a centaury ago Dubai was only a focal point were a few thousand weather stricken people somehow pushed and pulled their life ahead collecting picking dates, diving for pearls, or sailing in wooden dhows to trade with Iran and India, Dubai was as poor as any village in Somalia or the Sudan. It was in 1971 the six states namely Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, and Fujairah were united. And in1972 Ras Al-Khaimha joined the unification, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) were thus formally established with declaration from H.H Sheikh Zayed that the UAE was established as an Independent Nation with the aim of maintaining Independence, stability and co-operation. Dubai has a unique new exciting story of more than fifty years. The city has emerged from a poor fishing village to the fastest growing city in the world. Going back to the history, education was given priority in the different Emirates prior to the confederation. The Emirate of Dubai started educating it children in 1954. A few facts about the simplest basics of the country are men out number man in the male to female ratio of the country. All university tuitions are paid for by the states. All books stationary and study materials provided free of charge to the student. If the student works and studies, he/she is paid the salary for the job. From this, the business and infrastructure success story of Dubai is not hard to establish. In the 1990s the three fastest growing cities in the world were Dublin, Las Vegas and Dubai. This has accelerated in the 21st century with 23% population growth in Dubai in the past four years. The present real estate boom is obvious enough, particularly in the Jebel Ali-Dubai corridor. Today Dubai is the trading, business and increasingly financial hub of the Middle East, and for parts of Africa, the CIS and even the Indian subcontinent. Its a vast hinterland for such a small place (Peter J. Cooper 2006). In the 1970s oil wealth turned the UAE from a desert kingdom to a modern metropolis, and its rulers took a keen interest in this development. Not for them the idleness and corruption that afflicted some nations blest with oil wealth. While the oil wealth can be considered as one of the reasons for the growth of Dubai, there are also other factors which could be considered as the key factors in developing the city state to be one of the best in the world. In Dubai the late Sheikh Rashid developed his tiny emirate into a trading hub with the timely development of port infrastructure and a driving ambition to invest oil wealth back into the local economy. Again this was sharply at variance with the policy of investing oil wealth abroad pursued in many countries (Peter J. Cooper 2006). In a yet another move towards the success, Dubai was to become the business and commercial hub of the Middle East. The Dubai Government and the leading local families invested even more into the physical i nfrastructure of the emirate and pursued more and more ambitious plans. Surprisingly, to many observers, most of them succeeded, usually better than expected. Perhaps it was because the Government could act decisively, eliminating red-tape and shortening the planning process to a simple build it there decision by the CEO of Dubai Inc. as Sheikh Mohammed is often known (Peter J. Cooper 2006). The Modern History of Dubai in Brief Within recorded history, Dubai started as a fishing village probably some time in the 18th century. It was a dependency of the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi and its inhabitants were probably mostly Bani Yas. In 1833 a group of about 800 people of the Al Bu Falasah subsection of the Bani Yas seceded from Abu Dhabi and settled in Dubai. The leaders of the exodus, Ubaid bin Saeed and Maktoum bin Buti, remained joint leaders until the death of the former in 1836. Maktoum bin Buti ruled until he died in 1852, establishing the dynasty of the Al Maktoum rulers in Dubai. Maktoum and most of his successors usually followed a policy of good understanding with the British authorities in the Arabian Gulf (DTCM 2005). The real history of Dubai begins in 1930 when settlement started and began momentum in growth. At that time neighboring Sharjah was the main trading centre on the Trucial Coast, and for the rest of the 19th century Dubai was simply a pearling village with a merchant community. In fact there were three distinct settlements around the Creek and one of them called Bur Dubai was an Arab fishing village on the western side. The Dubai Creek provided one of the few safe anchorages along the southern coast of the Arabian Gulf and served as a haven for dhows despite its hazardous entrance. It was the starting and finishing point for pearling expeditions which, until the invention of cultured pearls in the 1930s, formed the main part of the economy after the 1820 British agreement prevented ship-building. The turn of the 19th century was considered the golden age of the pearl industry. Three thousand vessels were employed in the trade, leaving harbor in May and not returning until mid-Septembe r. Fishing, too, was an important occupation. The Arabian Gulfs warm and shallow waters supported a wide variety of marine life and dhows were built on the foreshore of Dubai Creek (DTCM 2005). Dubai had sufficiently grown to attract settlers from the third world countries namely India, Iran and Baluchistan and so on. The turn of 20th century saw Dubai becoming popular in the modern business world as safe and prosperous port. Dubai was very quick to establish itself as a natural heaven for merchants as the facilities for trade and free enterprises were great. Meanwhile a flourishing Indian population was settling in Dubai and was particularly active in the shops and alleys of the souq. In fact a major factor in the growth of Dubai in the early post-war years was the re-export of gold to India. The cosmopolitan atmosphere and air of tolerance began to attract other foreigners too. Some years later the British made their centre on the coast, establishing a political agency in 1954 (DTCM 2005). However, being the most developed area in the region did not just provide for the adequate infrastructure of Dubai. In spite of the reputation Dubai had by the middle of the 20th century, the city just did not have enough roads, electricity, sewers or telephone. The infrastructure building had started in Dubai even before the discovery of oil in 1969, but once the revenue from the oil began to flow in the building process gained momentum. Trade remained the foundation of the citys wealth, whilst other projects were developed over the next 20 years. The airport became one of the busiest in the area, a large dry-dock complex was developed, the largest artificial port in the world was built at Jebel Ali and Dubai Aluminum Company (DUBAL), which has become one of the emirates largest non-oil related industry, came on-line in 1979 (DTCM 2005). Economic Sustainability through Tourism Industry In the 1980s and early 1990s, Dubai took a strategic decision to emerge as a major international-quality tourism destination. Investments in tourism infrastructure have paid off handsomely over the years. Dubai is now a city that boasts unmatchable hotels, remarkable architecture and world-class entertainment and sporting events (Government f Dubai 2010). Dubai has undergone modernization and urbanization since the 1960s when the area was described as one of barren coastlands largely populated by nomadic tribes where the only occupations were fishing and pearling (Clements, 1998). The details of Dubais tourist arrivals right from the year 1982 shows the fact that the city has turned out to be one of the fastest growing destinations. Stability in economic, social and political domains is essential for tourism as severe disturbance and volatility will deter many tourists, investors and the industry of tour operators and travel agents in generating countries. Dubai is part of the UAE and conditions there are shaped by both federation and emirate governments (Joan C. Henderson 2006). Income from oil made Abu Dhabi the economic powerhouse and financier of the federation, providing the smaller emirates with a standard of living and degree of security that would otherwise be unavailable to them. The other emirates meanwhile provide Abu Dhabi with a demographic and geographic collective strength that it would lack acting alone (EIU, 2005a, p. 5). Dubai now began to act as the financial and commercial nexus of Gulf. The successful economic returns from the investment made on tourism in any country depend on the convenience of transport mainly the access through air. Dubai has done every thing to be an air transport hub. The home airline company called emirates flies very long routes to almost all the countries and destinations of the world. The company helps to bring tourist from the far away places such as fifteen hour rout to Sao Paulo, then seventeen hour trips to Los angels and San Francisco, then the fourteen hour flight to Sydney. It also flies to most of the major cities in Europe which provides Dubai with a lot of tourists. It flies to all the major cities to Africa, Middle East and South Asia. Most importantly all this routs are being extremely profitable (Jim Krane 2009). A US$4.1 billion upgrading is underway which will enable the airport to handle 40 million passengers by 2010 and 100 million by 2025 (Matthews, 2003). Owning the largest Arab Airline Emirates has made it possible for the government of Dubai to succeed in developing and maintaining stable inputs to its economy. Accounts of Dubai usually comment on the partiality of officials and developers for the ostentatious, which is manifest in accommodation projects and attractions such as the US$5 billion Dubailand theme park. This will occupy two billion square feet of land and take 15 years to complete under the aegis of the Dubai Tourism Development Company (DTDC), an operating arm of the Dubai Development and Investment Authority (DDIA). The stated purpose is to make Dubai the ultimate fun and leisure centre of the Middle East augmenting the supply of indoor attractions, which are independent of weather and have all year round appeal to multiple markets, not least families with children. In another illustration, Ski Dubai opened in 2005 within the Mall of the Emirates, reportedly the largest shopping space outside of the USA, and sells skiing and snow related pursuits in a winter wonderland of sub-zero temperatures. The Crown Prince has said that only 10% of his visions for Dubai have been enacted, implying other such ambitious ventures are likely (Joan C. Henderson 2006). An Unparallel Workforce Another reason for Dubai to be on the top in terms of infrastructural growth and development is its unmatched workforce which gets the least contribution from the locale flock. Numbers may be keys to the nature of Dubais workforce and its economy. According to a 2005 government report, 97.13 per cent of Dubais total labour force is foreign. The second number mostly likely unknown is the percentage of those foreign workers who have come to regard Dubai as home or would like to make it their permanent home. Many of these expats came to Dubai 15 to 20 years ago for a two-year stint, liked it and stayed. The third number, also from the government, is that only five per cent of Emiratis are employed in the private sector (Rod Monger 2007). Almost every one in a company, starting from the administrative level to the last one on the lower level labor, is imported and the positive aspect of this phenomenon is the advantage Dubai gets on molding its workforce in a way the city needed with t he lowest cost. At the same time, the work force of Dubai is an enthusiastic lot, it growing in terms of loyalty and commitment, in spite of the fact that they are treated with substandard facilities for the cost control (Jim Krane 2009). This commitment had played an important part in making the city look one of the best destinations in the world. Building Landmarks The Chicago Beach Hotel, which continuously recorded 80% occupancy in consecutive years, was a money making machine in Dubai in 1990s. British engineering firm called W.S Atkins forwarded a proposal for another beachfront hotel to be named as the Jumeirah Beach Hotel. The company was given permission to proceed with the project which had to include a tower too on approval. The company has hired an architect named Tom Wright who hardly had any experience in building hotels. But as thoughtful as he is Tom new that the Sheikh needed something tall and iconic, discussing on this concept he came up with a giant arch in the Islamic style. Sketching it out, the drawings showed a huge sail shaped building of 1300 feet tall, jutting from the sea floor waves lapping at its base. The building leaned over the sea and a cable car ran from shore to its peak. The other access came from an undersea tunnel. The structure was more Iconic than demanded but it was impossible. Wright straightened it up m oved it from seafloor to a small man made island and traded the cable car for helipad. A causeway bridge replaced the tunnel. They scaled back the height to a thousand feet (Jim Krane 2009). The work began in 1994. When people thought of it as a new Beach Hotel, to the Sheikh the iconic building was much more than that. The tower was the symbol of his pride as an Arab. The building was to be The Tower of the Arab- Burj Al Arab. The budget was unlimited, even when Sheikh Mohammad knew that the hotel will never pay for itself. He never let that scope of profit cramp the concept of Burj li Arab. The idea of locating the building on a man-made island was thought over again by the Sheikh. He imagined it both on island and mainland. The Island was much more time consuming and costly where as there was nothing unique about it is being located in the mainland. At last Sheikh opted for it to be in the Island (Kim Krane 2009). By 1999 Burj was a wonder around the world. The sight of the blue and white tower is a mind-blowing sight. Burj Al Arab turned out to be exactly what the sheikh Mohammad wanted an icon easily recognizable. Burj attracted quiet a lot of tourist who would spen d lavishly. Moreover, a genius series of promotion followed like Andre Agassi and Roger Federer were found whacking volleys on the helipad. Later on Tiger Woods drove ball from the same spot. Tourism made up nearly a quarter of the citys economy $ 8 billion in 2006. The Emirates aim is to host nearly 15 million tourists a year by 2015 (Tim Krane 2009). Though the economic scenario at large indicates that goal may fall a little short of. The growth and success of Dubai is undeniable. Burj Dubai There was already a hand full of building and a formidable infrastructure when the Burj Dubai project came up. But the Wlter Landors believed in their own guiding principle that Products are made in the factory, but brands are made in the mind. At this point, the product didnt exist. Still they invited prospective bidders to experience the brand. They fashioned a multisensory presentation centre, wrote books and designed websites, had invitations etched, fragrances con ­cocted, and parties thrown. A blazing Dubai sun finally rose on the first day for apartment bids. There was no second day. In less than 24 hours, every apartment-to-be was spoken for, netting more than half a billion dollars. Even by the heady standards of the region, the branding of the Burj Dubai was off to an exceptional start (Landor 2008). Emmar had it in mind through the project of Burj Dubai not only the city but the entire region which is often neglected by the media, was going to be in the limelight. There was a sophisticated linear approach that was extended into a comprehensive design style to reinforce the brands concept of pre-eminence. The word mark, typography, look and feel, voice and imagery, and even colour palette reflect prestige. In contrast to the over-the-top golds and bright colors prevalent in other Dubai premier develop-ments, Landor chose understated tones echoing the buildings finishes of stainless steel and aluminum and set them off with a sharp green accent inspired by the carpenters levels found in the hands of hundreds of architects, engineers, and craftspeople building the tower (Landor 2008). The project basically was a multi-use development tower with a total floor area of 460,000 square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities. The project was designed to be the centerpiece of the large scale Burj Dubai Development that rises into the sky to an unprecedented height that exceeds 700 meters and that consists of more than 160 floors (Ahmad Abdelrazaq 2008). At the turn of the century no one really had thought about such a construction. Coming from a city were the construction industry was in the infancy, the Burj Dubai project has shown to the world that tall building system development is always directly related to the latest developments in material technologies, structural engineering theories, wind engineering, seismic engineering, computer technologies, and construction methods. The Burj Dubai project capitalizes on advancements in these technologies, advancing the development of super tall buildings and the art of structural engineering (Ahmad Abdelrazaq 2008). The Booming Growth Is Boosted In the year 2000, the Burj Al Arab was already being a host to the excited wealthy tourist from around the world. The Arab nation was still overwhelmed in the amazing aesthetics of the new construction, the world witnessed one of its toughest times. The economy at large shuddered under heavy recessions. The money burning dotcom companies ran out of cash and went out of business. Gulf foreign investors were holding crumpling assets and in the west and around the world. Adding to the economic back drop of the US, nineteen Arabs crashed passengers jets into the World Trade Centre, Pentagon and a field in Pennsylvania. This caused the US stock market a further down slide. The newly elected president George W. Bush who found himself in the white house with disputed elections consoled the people America saying the terrorists might have been successfully shaken the foundations of some of the mightiest structures in the United states, but they would never succeed in shaking the foundations o f the mightiest nation on the face of the earth. Still the fact remains true that the nation has not yet abated the fear and economic worry the September 11 attack has brought upon the nation. The post September 11 United States was not an ideal place for investing as far as the Arabs were concerned. On the contrary, in Dubai, September 11 attack started the beginning of the years long economic boom. In fact the attack played a role in boosting this economic investment and viability in the gulf region. The rage toward Arabs in America increased and the country fought many wars after. The Arabs who had invested in US pulled back billions of dollars and send back to their Home country. No one was interested and dared to invest in country which was at war. Cash poured into Dubai, as the reports say before September 11 attacks as much as $25 billion a year was put into US investment. Where as, the figures came down to just $1.2 billion between 2001 and 2003. Most of the missing money has been made to play itself in Dubai where the potential was felt to be very high. Further, in 2001 Dubais urban area was a narrow strip along the sea shore. By 2008 Dubai was almost as big as Huston. With man made Island rising from the sea and constructions sprawling deep into the desert. The Two Fold Advantage of Dubais labor market Outsourcing Dubai is not a city with immense industrial infrastructure. This diverse multicultural city has an international community of almost 1.5 million people from about 170 nations. This committed workforce contributes to the growing economy which mainly derives from trade, manufacturing and mainly tourism. The strategy of labor market outsourcing helps the third world countries just as it help their own country. When many rich nations claim to be in the business of economic development, they seldom let poor nations to play by the same rules that richer countries use to promote growth. Above all, going back to the beauty and uniqueness of Dubai, Dubai is a modern costal city located at the heart of the Middle East. It is charming and sophisticated; the beautiful Burj Al Arab hotel presiding over the coastline of Jumeira beach is the worlds only hotel with a seven star rating. The Emirates Towers are one of the many structures that remind us of the commercial confidence in a city that expands at a remarkable rate. Standing 350 meters high, the office tower is the tallest building in the Middle East and Europe. Dubai also hosts major international sporting events. The Dubai Desert Classic is a major stop on the Professional Golf Association tour. The Dubai Open, an ATP tennis tournament, and the Dubai World Cup, the worlds richest horse race, draw thousands every year (Government of Dubai 2010). References Ahmad Abdelrazaq (2008) Brief on Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project CTBUH 8th world congress. Clements F. (1998). United Arab Emirates. Clio Press: Oxford. DTCM (2005), Dubai-Modern History; Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing. EIU. 2005a. United Arab Emirates Country Profile 2005. The Economist Intelligence Unit: London. Government of Dubai (2010) Dubai History; The official Portal of Dubai Government http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?topic,Article_000240,0,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=home Joan C. Henderson (2006) Tourism in Dubai: Overcoming Barriers Destination Development Nanyang Business School, Nanyang technological University. Singapore. Peter J. Cooper (2006), Why Dubai?: Anatomy of a Business Success story. AME Info; the Ultimate Middle East Business resource. Jim Krane (2009) The Story of the worlds Fastest City: Atlantic ISBN 9781848870086 Landor (2008) Burj Dubai the Building of an Icon; Landor Associates, April 2008. Mathews N. 2003. Expansion spree: airports in the Middle East will be building new runways and terminals through 2015. Aviation Week and Space Technology 159(22): 42. Rod Monger (2007) Sculpting Dubais Workforce; Special to Gulf News http://gulfnews.com/business/features/sculpting-dubai-s-workforce-1.171750

Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Loss of Innocence -- Separate Peace Es

Loss of Innocence in A Separate Peace    In the human nature, naive ignorance of the world's imperfections eventually yields to the recognition that the world does contain hatred and violence.   John Knowles places his novel A Separate Peace in situations which necessitate this emotional transformation.   The characters become increasingly aware of the nature of the world.   In addition, symbols help show the interrelation of ideas and events as they appear in Gene's subconscious mind.   In this novel, setting, character, and symbols develop the theme of loss of innocence.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Setting expatiates the theme of loss of innocence.   For example, the four major characters in this story are sixteen and seventeen years old, which is the age when teenagers prepare to end their childhood and become adults.   Also, the Devon school, where the story takes place, is a place where boys make the transition to full adulthood, and so this setting shows more clearly the boys' own growth.   Finally, World War II, which in 1942 is raging in Europe, forces these teenage boys to grow up fast; during their seventeenth year they must evaluate everything that the war means to them and decide whether to take an active ... ...nature.   Finally, the tree off which Finny and Gene jump represents the Tree of Knowledge; jumping from the tree is against the rules, and in doing so the boys symbolically accept the loss of their innocence as Adam and Eve did by eating of the forbidden fruit.   Symbols certainly convey the theme of loss of innocence.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In John Knowles' novel A Separate Peace, the theme of loss of innocence is skillfully developed through setting, character, and symbols.   This story simply details a young man's entering the adult world as all children do.   Everyone suffers loss of innocence.   

Free Essays on All’s Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

All’s Quiet on the Western Front Lewis Milestone’s â€Å"All’s Quiet on the Western Front†, based on Erich Remarque’s novel, is an incredibly disturbing and effective anti-war film. The grainy black and white film is still not outdated and carries a breathtaking initial impact. The prologue that introduces the film gives its anti-war intentions immediately and beautifully. â€Å"This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war...† â€Å"All’s Quiet on the Western Front† includes a series of vignettes and scenes that portray the senselessness and futility of war from the point of view of young German soldiers in the trenches in the Great War who found no glory on the battlefield, meeting only death and disillusionment. The film brilliantly portrays the war with no enemy’s, just people and relationships. It is the story of friends, Paul Baumer (Lew Ayres) and his friends joining the war through propaganda, and leaving through death. The most unforgettable scene is the final moments of the film, just before the "all quiet on the western front" armistice and with all of his comrades gone, soldiers are bailing water out of a dilapidated trench. The faint sound of a harmonica can be heard. Paul is sitting alone, daydreaming inside the trench on a seemingly peaceful, bright day. He is exhausted by terror and boredom. Through the gunhole of his trench, he sees a beautiful lone butterfly that has landed just beyond his reach next to a discarded tin can outside the parapet. He begins to carefully reach out over the protection of his bunker with his hand to grasp it, momentarily forgetting the danger that is ever-present. As he stretches his hand out yearning for its beauty, a distant French sniper prepares to take careful aim through a scope on a rifle. As he leans out closer to the butterfly and extends his hand, suddenly the sharp whining sound of a shot is heard.

The Relationship Between School Principals Education Essay

AbstractionThe intent of this survey is to see the relationship between leading manners associated with physical instruction instructors efficiency at school scenes. To this end,40 school principals and 40 male and female physical instruction instructors at secondary schools were indiscriminately assigned to take part in the survey. School principals public presentation assessed with Fiddler leading manner questionnaire with dependability coefficient of 0.86 by teachers.Also, teachers`performance evaluated with instructor -made questionnaire with cogency coefficient of 0.87 ( Cronbach Alpha ) completed by the pupils. Data distribution was normal shown in this survey utilizing kolmogorov-smirnov trial.Additionally, statistical method in footings of statistical theoretical account is parametric, while non-parametric statistics is employed for heterogenous groups through which desired hypotheses discussed utilizing Pearson correlativity trial, Spearman correlativity coefficient and T -test. Results indicate that there exists a important relationship between the leading manner of school principals and physical instruction instructors efficiency at 5 % significance degree. The consequences show that participative leading manner would stop up with significant efficiency of male and female instruction instructors, whereas important leading manner has shown the lowest efficiency. Cardinal words: leading manner, important leading manner, participative leading manner, school principals, instructorsIntroductionAcerate leaf to state that human resources play a considerable function in the development of communities. Therefore, the states will develop merely if they take a great figure of human resources into history. Today, educational direction encompasses constructs like leading, counsel and, therefore, in order to achieve its coveted ends, the educational system should reconsider its educational system direction. The educational direction shall optimally use the human and physical resources to happen its ends. The school direction is considered as one of the of import facets of the educational system.Thus, it is necessary to acknowledge the factors act uponing the school principals ‘ leading and public presentation which, in bend, can better the instructors ‘ efficiency and effectivity. Due to increasing figure of pupils, there is a demand to develop efficient and adept instructors in educational system.Of class, the educational ends wo n't be achieved unless there are important alterations in the ideas, cognition and attitudes in this respect. So, if we want our educational system develops, we have to better the cognition accomplishments, information, ideas, attitudes, leading manners and working forms of school principals and instructors who closely interact with pupils. Historically, the civilisations have witnessed that the educated and skilled human resources would efficaciously change over the traditional communities into developed 1s. Consequently, the development is extremely dependent upon the direction cognition, particularly in footings of instruction every bit good as efficient human resources. Education is closely associated with the development and opens promising skylines for the hereafter. In other words, the educational system of every society reflects its hereafter. Alvin Toffler argues that if educational system does n't fix pupils for the hereafter and provides them with an unrealistic and incorrect image of the hereafter, it will, surely, be considered as incompetent and unreliable. Sing the of import function of educational system in the development of states, it seems sensible to use scientific findings for the direction of educational centres so as to increase the instructors ‘ efficiency, effectivity and motive so that they try to work better and efficaciously.Applications of leading mannersLeadership behavior theory: The humanistic leaders pay particular attending to the organisation members, whereas organisation – oriented leaders prefer organisation missions to the persons. Life rhythm: The important leading manner fits the immature persons whom the leader should command magisterially, while participative leading suits extremely mature personsLikert direction system.System1: This sort of direction does n't be given to swear the subsidiaries. Hence the whole determination – doing procedure takes topographic point at top – degree direction and the sub – ordinates are rarely involved in the determination – devising procedure. System 4: In contrast with system 1, here the direction trusts the subsidiaries. In add-on, the determination – devising occurs across the organisation. Furthermore, there is a great bond among all facets of the organisation. Fiddler ‘s surveies show that undertaking – oriented leaders perform good when the conditions are either desirable or unfavourable.On the other manus, relationship – oriented leaders work best when the conditions are comparatively favourable. Task – orientated leading manner Relationship – orientated leading manner Task – orientated leading manner Favorable conditions Relatively satisfactory conditions Unfavorable conditions The consequences show that application of specific leading manners relative to a particular state of affairs can both ensue in a favourable and sound on the job environment and increase the instructors ‘ motive toward working efficaciously.The survey findings show the school principals ‘ leading manner has the most noticeable impact upon the physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency. Conversely, the important leading manner has the least consequence upon the instructor ‘s efficiency. Court lewin etal ( 1981 ) studied five groups of kids and grownups in public assistance centre at Ohio university and found out that the group members, under democratic ( participative ) leading, would develop their creativeness, cooperation and public presentation.On the other manus, working with opinionative leading would ensue in considerable dependence, minimal creativeness and group spirit every bit good as failure in kids. Haim ( 1992 ) believed that the leading manner h as nil to make with the direction end – scene.So it is concluded that efficiency and leading manner seemingly do n't travel with each other. Gen ( 2004 ) argued that the transmutation – oriented leaders would act upon the organisational civilization, staff duties and their occupation satisfaction. Bruce and Russel ‘s ( 2004 ) surveies indicate the of import difference between map and transmutation – oriented leaders.Here, the transmutation – oriented ( participative ) leaders are advanced and originative, whereas map – oriented ( important ) leaders are more dependent upon the bing construction in the organisation. Madani quoted Dessler ( 1994 ) that many behavioural scientists believe that participative leading is more effectual than important leading. participative leaders encourage and reenforce their employees so that they have higher morale. Besides, a group of employees with the important leading shows, at first, high public presentation, but finally they get disappointed in the short tally. Fallahi ( 1995 ) maintains that the highest mark for the mental wellness belongs to instructors in schools whose school principals have used participative methods Nazari ( 1998 ) concluded in his survey that staff engagement in determination devising causes them to experience nearer to their organisation. Nourbakhsh, and Mohammad ( 2004 ) argued that among the leading manners, rational leading manner was most normally used followed by participative leading which was associated with low undertaking supervising and high attending to human dealingss within the organisation. Ehsan Hashemi ( 2005 ) believe the success of any organisation in accomplishing preset ends depends on how the school principals prosecute direction patterns and effectual direction manners. In fact, direction and leading manner are easing and actuating factors that straight and indirectly has considerable impact on staff`s occupation satisfaction and better their efficiency Alvani et Al ( 2005 ) concluded that school principals and skilled professionals holding scientific thoughts tend to happen the aims of the organisation through trainig and scientific betterment in the degree of organisation. The findings of this research can assist school principals opt for direction and leading manners appropriate for physical instruction decision makers and school principals and other similar organisations to increase efficiency and productiveness instructors and employees.Original Iranian text:U† U?O ±O?O ®O? U? U†¦O ­U†¦O?US ( 1383 ) U†¦O?O?U‚O?U† O? : U†¦USO §U†  O?O?U?U†¡O §US O ±U†¡O?O ±USO? O?O?U? O ±U†¡O?O ±US O §O?O?O?U„O §U„US O?O §U„O?O?O ±USU†  O?O?U? U? O?O?U? O ±U†¡O?O ±US U†¦O?O §O ±U?O?US U† USO? U?U†¡ O?O § U?USU?U?US U†¡O §US U† O?O §O ±O? U?U†¦ O?U†¡ O §U† O ¬O §U†¦ U?O?USU?U†¡ U? O?U?O ¬U†¡ O?USO §O? O?U†¡ O ±U?O §O?O · O §U† O?O §U† US O?O ± O?O §O ®U„ O?O §O?U†¦O §U†  U†¡U†¦O ±O §U†¡ O §O?O? O?O ± U†¦O ±O ­U„U†¡ O?O?O? O §O? U†¦USO §U†  U?O §USU?O §U†¡U†¡O §US U‚O?O ±O?O? U‚O?O ±O? O?O ®O µO µUS O?O §U„O?O?O ±USU†  U?O §USU?O §U†¡ U‚O?O ±O? O?O ± O?USU†  U†¦O?USO ±O §U†  U†¦O ­O?U?O? U†¦USO?U?O? ( 21 ) . Lend a better interlingual rendition Dessler ( 1973 ) asserted that many behavioural scientists would believe that participative leading might work more efficaciously than important 1. Participative leaders encourage their staff to acquire involved in the organisation personal businesss.Furthermore, their staff enjoys high spirit.Nevertheless, under important leading, the staff at first has the highest public presentation but shortly after they finally get frustrated. The high school instructors led by participative school principals are psychologically healthy.Staff `involvement in the determination – doing procedure physiques up their fond regard to the organisation. There is minimal supervising and maximal attending paid the persons ‘ relationship in footings of participative leading manner.Additionally, specialised power is the best constituent amongst power bases and the organisation success depends greatly on the per – determined end attainment, direction manner and the direction power.In fact the direction and leading manners facilitate and motivate the staff ‘s public presentation and directly/ indirectly influence their occupations satisfaction and efficiency.Also, the skilled and experient school principals who have scientific thoughts try to scientifically develop the organisation so as to achieve their organisational ends.Of class, the scientific development of the organisation is one of the conspicuous constituents of the modern and originative communities.Studies show that exercising specialised authorization from personal power every bit good as exerting wages from place power shall well convey up creativity.Hence, the findings of the present research can steer the educational system governments in physical instruction class toward taking an appropriate leading and direction manner in order to increase the staff ‘s efficiency and productiveness.Methodology:The method used in the present research of descriptive analytical type and the needed informations sing measuring of the school principal`leadership manner and physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency collected utilizing standard questionnaire. Then the relationship between school principals ‘ leading manner and physical instruction instructor ‘s efficiency/ assessed utilizing SPSS bundle.Of class, we found out that there is no relationship between the school principals `leadership manner and the physical instruction instructor ‘s efficiency. Besides the same can be said about female and male leading manners which have nil to make with the female and male physical instruction instructor ‘s public pre sentation.sample:There were 204 school principals and high school physical instruction instructors from territories 1 and 2 in Manba town of whom 40 were school principals and the other 40 were physical instruction instructors. The samples chosen utilizing random stratified trying Tool: the direction tool was 2 standard questionnaires. The Fidler ‘s standard questionnaire applied to find the school principals ‘ leading manner ( participative- authoritative ) . The questionnaire consisted of 16 eight – point graduated table. The instructor -conducted questionnaire encompassed 20 five – point scale mensurating physical instruction instructors ‘ public presentation by the pupils ( physical instruction instructors ‘ public presentation ) and collected after a pre – determined clip.Then statistical calculation carried out utilizing Kolmogronov Smironov, Pearson and independent T – pupil every bit good as spearman trials.FindingssHaving collected the questionnaires, we began to analyse and find the cogency and relationship in the informations utilizing SPSS and excel sofwares. Table 1 presents the significance degree between school principals`leadership manner and physical instruction instructor ‘s efficiency.The consequences show that there is a important relatio nship between school principals ‘ leading manner and physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency. In add-on, sing the positive and high correlativity coefficient in the information, it was concluded that the more the school principals exercise participative leading manner, the more effectual the physical instruction instructors ‘ public presentation will be. Variables Sample figure Correlation Coefficient Significance Degree Consequence The school principals`leadership manner, female and ale physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 80 694 % 001 % Significant relationship The male school principals ‘ leading manner and the male physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 40 735 % 001 % Significant relationship The female school principals ‘ leading physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 40 594 % 006 % Significant relationship Besides, harmonizing to table 1, the male school principals applied participative manner at the top degree and there is important relationship between both male and female school principals and physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency. Table 2 shows the difference between male and female school principals ‘ leading manner and male and female physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency. Variables Sample Thymine sig Consequence Male school principals ‘ leading manner 20 no important Female school principals ‘ leading manner 20 344 % 733 % Difference between both variables Male physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 20 497 % 623 % no important difference between both Female physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 20 Variables The consequences ( table-2 ) indicate that there is no important relationship between male and female school principals school principals`leadership manner.Furthermore both groups particularly, male group benefited much from participative manner.Also, there is no important relationship between both female and male physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency from university grade position. Variables Sample figure Correlation Coefficient sig Consequence The university grade of both male and female school principals ‘ leading manner 40 306 % 55 % No important relationship The university grades of both male and female physical ) , instruction instructors ‘ efficiency 40 405 % 009 % No important relationship There was no relationship between principals `university grade and their leading manner.However, sing the positive correlativity coefficient, it can be said that principals exercise participative manner.Also, the higher educated the physical instruction instructors are, the more efficient their public presentation shall be.DiscussionProductivity in organisations require some specific conditions of which human resources is the most of import one.The organisation success hinges extremely upon attainment of pre – determined ends, direction and exerting suited leading manner by the direction In fact direction and leading manner shall ease and actuate the staff ‘s public presentation and straight / indirectly influence their occupation satisfaction and efficiency. Since an appropriate leading manner ( Court lewin etal ) can convey approximately utile alterations and transmutations in the organisation. The present research tries to mensurate the relationship between the leading manner and physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency.Based upon the several informations analysis it can be said that the more the school principals exercise participative leading manner, the more efficient both male and female physical instruction instructors shall be. Conversely the more the school principals take important manner into history, the less productive their instructors will be.The research findings agree with the findings of Court lewin etal ( 1981 ) and Dessler ( 1998 ) . . Besides, the more principals exert more important leading manner, the more public presentation of physical instruction instructors in both groups will be reduced. Consequences of this survey is consistent with those of Nirumand ( 1999 ) , Mohammadi ( 2005 ) , Ehsan Hashemi ( 2005 ) , Kurt et Al ( 1981 ) and Dessler ( 1998 ) . Physical instruction instructors exhibited better performancethrough participative direction. O § Research consequences of this survey correspond to those of Mohamadi ( 2000 ) Mir Nadery and Nourbakhsh ( 2005 ) Sedagati ( 2005 ) Khavari and Yousefian ( 2007 ) . Both male and female school principals would be willing to exert participative leading manner particularly, here, female school principals would exert more participative manner than their male opposite numbers by 5 % .As a effect, to better the instructors ‘ efficiency, school principals are supposed to exert participative leading manner in their schools.The consequences besides indicate that there is no difference between both male and female physical instruction teachers` efficiency. Additionally, based on the leading manner exercising by the school principals, both groups would execute comparatively the same. The physical instruction instructors worked good when led by the participative school principals. Consequently educational system should develop in -service preparation and specialised classs so as to maintain the physical instruction instructors ‘ standard high.Also it was shown that there was no important relationship between the schools installations and the sc hool principals school principals leading manner.On the other manus it may bespeak that most school principals might miss direction specialisation, that is why they could n't set up an effectual relationship with their instructors. Plus, higher educated school principals would exert participative manner.As a effect, these types of persons shall successfully prosecute an appropriate leading manner and positively better their physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency.The present research findings indicate that exerting participative leading manner consequences in considerable physical instruction instructors ‘ efficiency, whereas the important one proves the contrary. Besides, higher educated school principals and physical instruction instructors enjoy noticeable betterment in their efficiency.