What was the revolutionary war about an Example of the Topic History Essays by

What was the revolutionary war about? The American Revolutionary War which is also popularly referred as the American war of independence was a conflict between the Kingdom of the Great Britain and the British colonies in America. This war was fought between 1775 and 1783 where the American Thirteen colonists joined hands together to break the British Empire in America. The thirteen colonists overthrew the British rule through seizing the control of the region and formally declared their independence forming a new nation which is today referred to as the United States of America. This revolution has been described as one of the most important event in the American history. Without it the United States of America would never have been as this war gave birth to one of the most powerful nation in the world. (Middlekauf, R 2005 204) Need essay sample on "What was the revolutionary war about?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The thirteen colonists first rejected the British authority where they were being governed from England. They vehemently rejected being controlled by the United Kingdom parliament. This meant that rules were being made in a foreign land and applied on the America. The thirteen colonists wanted to have a direct representation where they would be able to elect their own people to govern their territory on their behalf without having anything to do with the crown. The war was between the British and the American people who wanted to be given autonomy from the British Empire. The American independence war has been described as unique as it involved mother country and people who had migrated from different parts of the world. These are people from Britain, France Scotland and other parts of Europe. In this war there were three groups, those who fought for Britain, the revolutionaries, loyalists and neutrals. The revolutionaries are the American people who wanted to break away from the influence of the crown. They no longer wanted to be ruled from Britain, they wanted to have their own from of representation and independence. On the other hand the loyalists were the people who were sympathetic to the crown authority. They wanted to continue being governed from Britain. These people were not dissatisfied with the British rule as the patriots were; they fought alongside the British soldiers. It is estimated that close to fifteen per cent of the white population was loyalist, some African American also fought on the British side as well as Native Americans. Mo st of the Loyalists were considered to have been favored by the system that explains why they did not find any fault with it. They were considered as wealthy people who had property and in most cases the majority benefited from the system which the revolutionaries wanted removed from their land. (Bailyn, B 2000 92) In any war there are winners and losers, one would have expected this war to have a clear cut line between these two sides, but this war was unique since the same people who won had a part of population who are considered as losers. The loyalists would have liked the British authority to continued being exercised in their land. They owned property and were considered wealthy lot. The war was a disruption of their life and means of creating wealth. The loyalists lost their properties to the revolutionaries who felt that they had betrayed the course of their history by siding with the enemy who wanted to continue exerting unfair authority upon the mighty country. The loyalists believed that the war was unnecessary since there are other means which would have been used to achieve the end results. They also feared that granting British American colonies independence would lead to the loss of the economic benefits which the colonies derived from being members of the British Empire. To them American revolutionary war was not necessary since it would cause more problems than it would benefit the American colonies. This group can be described as outright losers on the American land since their wishes never came to be. Their quest to have the British American colonies being governed by the British parliament never came to pass. After the war some of the loyalist had their property confiscated by the patriots. It is also estimated that close to one hundred thousand loyalists had to leave the colonies due to the hostility they experienced due to the position they took in the course of the war. They were seen as traitors who were against the noble cause of fighting for the independence of their land and ending the British parliament domination of the American colonies. Most of the loyalists moved to Canada where they settled while others eventually returned. Their return did not guarantee them their freedom and enjoyment of the fruits of the independence; they were not allowed to hold any public office with some states declaring them as non persons in the American history. (Bailey, Thomas 2009 78) The Tories have been described as traitors in some quarters whereas in some occasions they have been referred as heroes. In the big picture the Tories were pro establishment therefore they betrayed the course of the American people to be free. They were a group of people who supported the domination of the America by the British parliament something which was not justified. The fact that the colonies paid the taxes to the British Empire without proper representation was a justified cause to seek fro independence. To the Tories this was not justified since most of them had gained from the system. They had amassed enough wealth and wanted to continue enjoying the British Empire protection. The issue of slavery emerged as contentious in the process of constitution making. It shaped the process as well as the future of this country. There are those who felt that slavery should be abolished where others especially those who owned huge tracts of plantation wanted to continue reaping benefi ts from slavery. This is an issue that divided the nation and led to a conflict which threatened the union. (Middlekauf, R 2005 543) American revolutionary was all about independence and freedom, but not all the people in the British colonies wanted this therefore there was a division between people in the same land giving rise to the loyalist and patriots. At the end of it all the lines which were drawn during the war eventually disappeared and all Americans came to regard each others as one. Work Cited Bailyn, B.The Ideological Origin of the American Revolution, Harvard University Press (2000) Bailey, Thomas.The American Spirit: History as seen by Contemporaries, engage Learning (2009) Middlekauf, R.The Glorious Cause: American Revolution, Oxford University Press (2005)

poverty1 essays

poverty1 essays Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health care are major aspects of this world-wide dilemma. Many countries are in complete poverty and the majority are third-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of valuable, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Trying to solve this huge problem of poverty. the United States of America, have developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many people die from starvation. These countries can not afford to support their citizens. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm during cold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases occur all over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Once again with more financial problems, health care is limited to none. T.L Berry English Professor at Oxnard College says poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding and even getting a job. Ability, education, and skills help determine the kind of job an individual gets. That is the matter. Through out our history, people in the United State have valued self reliance, convinced that social standing is mostly a matter of individual talent and effort. This perspective sees society offering plenty of opportunity to anyone able and willing to take advantage of it. The poor are whoever can not or will not work, women and men with fewer skills, less schooling, and little motivation. Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities. Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Through science people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot easier. It has increased the need for professional workers and lowered the ...

Oldowan Tradition - Humankinds First Stone Tools

Oldowan Tradition - Humankinds First Stone Tools The Oldowan Tradition (also called Oldowan Industrial Tradition or Mode 1 as described by Grahame Clarke) is the name given to a pattern of stone-tool making by our hominid ancestors, developed in Africa by about 2.6 million years ago (mya) by our hominin ancestor Homo habilis (probably), and used there until 1.5 mya (mya). First defined by Louis and Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, the Oldowan tradition is to date the earliest manifestation of stone tool making on our planet. Further, it is global in scope, a toolkit thought to have been carried out of Africa by our hominin ancestors as they left to colonize the rest of the world. To date, the oldest known Oldowan tools were found at Gona (Ethiopia) at 2.6 ma; the latest in Africa is 1.5 mya at Konso and Kokiselei 5. The end of the Oldowan is defined as the appearance of Mode 2 tools or Acheulean handaxes. The earliest Oldowan sites in Eurasia are 2.0 mya at Renzidong (Anhui Province China), Longgupo (Sichuan Province) and Riwat (on the Potwar Plateau in Pakistan), and the latest so far is at Isampur, 1 mya in the Hungsi valley of India. Some discussion of the stone tools found at Liang Bua Cave in Indonesia suggests that they are Oldowan; which either lends support to the notion that the Flores hominin is a devolved Homo erectus or that the Oldowan tools were not specific to species. What Is an Oldowan Assemblage? The Leakeys described the stone tools at Olduvai as cores in the shapes of polyhedrons, discoids, and spheroids; as heavy and light duty scrapers (sometimes called nuclà ©us racloirs or rostro carà ©nà ©s in the scientific literature); and as choppers and retouched flakes. Selection for raw material sources  can be seen in Oldowan by about 2 mya, at sites like Lokalalei and Melka Kunture in Africa and Gran Dolina in Spain. Some of that is surely related to characteristics of the stone and what the hominid planned to use it for: if you have a choice between basalt and obsidian, youd select basalt as a percussion tool, but obsidian to break down into sharp-edged flakes. Why Did They Make Tools at All? The purpose of the tools is somewhat in controversy. Some scholars are inclined to think that most of the tools are simply steps in manufacturing sharp-edged flakes for cutting. The stone-tool making process  is known as chaà ®ne opà ©ratoire in archaeological circles. Others are less convinced. There is no evidence that our hominid ancestors were eating meat before about 2 mya, so these scholars suggest that the stone tools must have been for use with plants, and the percussion tools and scrapers may have been tools for plant processing. Admittedly, however, its hard to make assumptions on negative evidence: the oldest Homo remains we have only date to 2.33 mya in the Nachukui Formation of West Turkana in Kenya, and we dont know if there are earlier fossils we havent found yet that will be associated with Oldowan, and it may be that Oldowan tools were invented and used by another non-Homo species. History The Leakeys  work in Olduvai Gorge in the 1970s was quite revolutionary by any standards. They defined the original chronology of the Oldowan assemblage in the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa including the following periods; the stratigraphy within the region; and the material culture, the characteristics of the stone tools themselves. The Leakeys also focused on geological studies of the paleo-landscape of the Olduvai Gorge and its changes over time. In the 1980s, Glynn Isaac and his team worked at the more-or-less contemporaneous deposits at Koobi Fora, where they used experimental archaeology, ethnographic analogy, and primatology to explain the Oldowan archaeological record. They developed testable hypotheses about ecological and economic conditions that might have triggered stone tool making- hunting, food sharing, and occupying a home base, all of which is also done by primates, with the exception of the production of sharp-edged tools. Recent Investigations Recent expansions to the interpretations built by the Leakeys and Isaac have involved adjustments to the time span of use: discoveries at sites such as Gona have pushed the date of the first tools a half-million years earlier from what the Leakeys found at Olduvai. Also, scholars have recognized a considerable variability within the assemblages; and the extent of the Oldowan tool use throughout the globe has become recognized. Some scholars have looked at the variation in stone tools and argued that there must have been a Mode 0, that Oldowan is the result of a gradual evolution from a common tool-making ancestor of both humans and chimps, and that phase is missing in the archaeological record. That has some merit, because Mode 0 tools may have been made of bone or wood. Not everyone agrees with this, and, currently, it seems that the 2.6 mya assemblage at Gona still represents the earliest stages of lithic production. Sources I highly recommended Braun and Hovers 2009 (and the rest of the articles in their book Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan) for a good overview of current thinking about Oldowan. Barsky, Deborah. An Overview of Some African and Eurasian Oldowan Sites: Evaluation of Hominin Cognition Levels, Technological Advancement and Adaptive Skills. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, SpringerLink, 2018. Braun, David R. Introduction: Current Issues in Oldowan Research. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, Erella Hovers, SpringerLink, 2018. Braun DR, Tactikos JC, Ferraro JV, and Harris JWK. 2006. Archaeological inference and Oldowan behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 51:106-108. Carbonell, Eudald. From Homogeneity to Multiplicity: A New Approach to the Study of Archaic Stone Tools. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, Robert SalaDeborah Barsky, et al., SpringerLink, 2018. Harmand, Sonia. Variability in Raw Material Selectivity at the Late Pliocene sites of Lokalalei, West Turkana, Kenya. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, SpringerLink, 2018. Harmand S. 2009. Raw Materials and Techno-Economic Behaviors at Oldowan and Acheulean Sites in the West Turkana Region, Kenya. Lithic Materials and Paleolithic Societies: Wiley-Blackwell. p 1-14. McHenry LJ, Njau JK, de la Torre I, and Pante MC. 2016. Geochemical â€Å"fingerprints† for Olduvai Gorge Bed II tuffs and implications for the Oldowan–Acheulean transition. Quaternary Research 85(1):147-158. Petraglia MD, LaPorta P, and Paddayya K. 1999. The first Acheulian quarry in India: Stone tool manufacture, biface morphology, and behaviors. Journal of Anthropological Research 55:39-70. Semaw, Sileshi. The Oldowan-Acheulian Transition: Is there a Developed Oldowan Artifact Tradition? Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions, Michael RogersDietrich Stout,  SpringerLink,, June 16, 2009.

Ethnography of Food Pantry Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnography of Food Pantry - Personal Statement Example It was the 24th of March, and we had an appointment with one of the leading food pantry in our locality. We wanted to observe and research about a number of things which were going on there. Charles mumbled a total of twenty minutes as a given allowance, as he sensed that I was still in bed. In about fifteen minutes, I had already arrived at Angel’s coffee shop where we were all supposed to meet before we officially left for the appointment which was in the next two hours. You could tell from the anxiety on people’s faces that nobody wanted to be late. After a short meeting headed by our group supervisor, Ernest, we headed one of our school vans and in about ten minutes, we had our van parked in front of â€Å"St. Vincent de Paul Food Pantry† where we were meant to visit. I loved the color on the billboard; blue my favorite color ever since I was a toddler. I have spent over fifteen years in America, and I have been seeing this building as long as I can remember, but I have never taken my time to find out what really happens at the food pantry organization and how it works. I had a very mutual and exciting feeling as I walked in the organization. An exciting sensation kept tickling down my spine every time the thought of being a volunteer rang in my mind. My eyes fell on a number of benches and on them were several goods. This confirmed my happy feeling. There was a man who later introduced himself to us as Bob, who couldn’t keep his eyes off us. Surprisingly, he was the one who was waiting for us. As we approached, his firm stare turned into a soothing smile which made people’s hearts to feel at ease whenever we were with him. We introduced ourselves and immediately embarked on what we had come to do in the food pantry. It was a good experience seeing so many people young and old working together for the good of all in the working area. An equal amount of different foods were being in plastic bags. At the end of the line, there was a big heap of already packed foods waiting for the clients to come and pick them up. The different types of foods included pasta, tomato sauce, canned corn, vegetables, Mac-and-cheese and chocolates. There was no trace of protein in the packages. As we made our way into different rooms of the pantry foods, we came into the store room where there was a bid heap of donated food. He said that they had stayed there for long, and nobody wanted them. This was really surprising. We were then taken to a room with different sizes of fridges and in it was meat, both white and red. He requested two of us to remain behind so that they could pack the chicken in the polythene bags as it is done when packing food for the food pantry clients. Kevin and Alex volunteered to remain and do the tedious assignment. Kevin later confessed how frozen his hands felt when he was handling the meat. On the further corner was another fridge full of red meat and bread. They had been donated by different donors including organization and had come with different packages. Bob wanted them to have a similar type of package and requested three of us to work on it. I thought this was the place. The group supervisor, Ernest, Charles and I found ourselves working together. We were putting two packs of meat in every plastic bag. It seemed to be very easy to be a volunteer. I must confess that it was a little bit cold but what I was

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE - Essay Example by the UK, US and its coalition members was seen by the Arab media and religious leaders as an initiative to annihilate the Iraq to safeguard the Israel, to control its oil fields and to foster animosity between shiis and Sunnis. Muslim leaders disregarded the claim of USA that war in Iraq was to put an end to use of WMD by Saddam, to severe Iraq’s connections with the Al-Qaeda, to declare Iraq as a democracy, to castigate Iraq for failure to comply with UNO’s Security Council resolutions and to throw out an unruly dictator1 . Information collection inside Iraq is seen as a most challenging job as Saddam is the most enigmatic and tyrannical leader in the world2. As per Dr Gary Samore, the record of gathering information by Western intelligence agencies on Iraqs various weapons programmes is very meagre3. The decision to go to war in Iraq was based on human rights abuses and its weapons’ programmes. UK war on Iraq was based upon current and serious threat† from Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The prime objective remains to rid Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction and their associated Programmes and means of delivery, including prohibited ballistic missiles, as set out in the relevant United Nations Security Resolutions (UNSCRs). On 24 September 2002, a dossier was published by the UK Government containing its evaluation of Iraq’s programmes to build up WMD (the ‘September Dossier’). The Government’s dossier of September 2002 sets out in detail Iraq’s history of production, use and concealment of chemical and biological weapons, and its pursuit of a nuclear weapons programme. UNSCOM’s final report of 1999 the then Executive Chairman concluded that Iraq continued to hide substantial information about prohibited p rogrammes and probably continued to develop them. The Iraqi chemical industry could produce mustard gas almost immediately, and limited amounts of nerve gas within months4. As early as in 1980s, it has been suspected that

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mother’s womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leads to violation of human rights. Life is precious and only it’s Creator has the right to take it away. I chose this issue for discussion to bring to light many of the hidden facts and arguments, of which people are unaware and not very sensitive today. Three of the many aspects of abortion can be taken into consideration 1) Motives behind abortion 2) Pro life v/s pro choice. 2) The growth of the â€Å"Dead Baby Industry.† Abortion is an issue lacking of humanity and moral value because of the various motives behind it. Abortion is the most extreme, permanent and devastatingly violent solution, for an unborn child. As said by former Surgeon General and a pediatrician Dr. C. Everett Koop, the most common reason for abortion is convenience. Only three to five percent of all abortions performed are for reasons of rape, incest, the possibility of a deformed child, or severe threat to the life of the mother. As Dr. Koop, has pointed out, the majority of partial birth abortions are not required by medical emergency. According to researchers at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, of those obtaining abortions in 1980, 30 percent were under age 20 and 79 percent were unmarried, which shows that abortions in the United States are most often sought as a "solution" to the problem of pregnancy outside of marriage. The major reason behind most of the abortions is mere inconvenience or unwantedness of the baby seems mean, insensitive and unreasonable. Pro-life vs. pro choice is a leading fundamental concern regarding the abortion controversy. The main argument of the pro-choice view for legalized abortions has to do with a woman's right to privacy and her right to control her body. The pro-choice viewers do not approve of governmental interference in personal matters like abortion. Certainly this right of p... ... in society. The worldly materialization and sophistication has made the abortionists so insensitive towards morality that life has lost its true worth. The main point is not the price that an eye, a brain or heart is sold for, but that a helpless child had to be killed in order to obtain these parts. Thus legalizing abortions would not mean giving the opponents a right to privacy and choice, but would in turn give a boost to their multimillion dollar biotechnology industry (Crutcher,M). I’m the defender of the right to life in America and an issue like abortion should light a fire in the hearts of all who respect this nation’s founding principles. The strength of the pro-life position is not because of some clever definition of life. Rather the facts force us to admit that this is a unique individual human life, whose helplessness in the womb can either motivate us to compassion, nurturing and protection or be used as an excuse and opportunity to exercise our deadly power and earn millions. As a result, legalizing abortion would open doors for plenty different sinful industries. This in turn would not lead to progress.

Historical Paper

Here is a paper on Historical Report on Race Historical Report on Race Nigel Faison ETH/125- Cultural Diversity June 24, 2012 Tiff Archie Axia College of the University Phoenix Historical Report on Race Dear, John Doe I am writing you this letter to let you know some of the struggles of African Americans throughout history. It is my sincere hope, that this helps you to understand the people of my race better; furthermore, I hope that it answers any questions that you may have had. Since we are friends, I just wanted to give you some insight into my culture.My people were brought to this country in 1619, to work for white people, and by 1661, Virginia had enacted the very first slave law. â€Å"By 1776, the year the United States declared its independence from Great Britain, slavery was legal in every state, and African Americans labored as slaves throughout the North as well as the South. † (Social Probelms, Ch. 3, p. 65). From the beginning, my people were being subjected to a life of servitude. During the slave trade African American families were routinely split up for profit.Can you imagine the effect that this had on the people, to have their families torn apart? African Americans had to do whatever they were told to do by their so called â€Å"masters† and if they did not as history tells us, they were whipped, beaten, and even hanged. It was said that â€Å"African Americans were not really people. † (Social Problems, Ch. 3, p. 65). This is how a society that was supposed to be civilized viewed other human beings. Later, after slavery ended, African Americans continued to face prejudice and discrimination in their everyday lives.African Americans were being denied their basic civil rights and institutional discrimination was the norm. African Americans were not allowed to go to school with whites, drink from the same water fountains, stay at the same hotels, eat at the same restaurants, vote, and had to give up their seat to white pe ople on the bus. Proof of this can be seen in a ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States. â€Å"In the 1857 Dred Scott case, the U. S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens entitled to the rights and protections of U. S. law. † This was backed up by segregation and Jim Crow laws. Social Problems, Ch. 3, p. 65). Some of the political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history for African Americans were gaining our freedom, civil rights, and equality for our people. Our people had been through so much and the fight to gain these things would take years, even today, the issue of equality seems to still not be settled as reflected in the wages paid to African Americans. The median pay of White men is $52,273, for woman it is $40,219. The median pay of Black men is $40,219, for woman it is $32,829.In addition, it is said that the level of education has nothing to do with the gap, because even at the â€Å"highest levels† it is still present. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch. 3, p. 67). Why are we paid so much less for performing the same jobs? I think that discrimination has to be playing a role here, would you agree? John, as I mentioned earlier; slavery, segregation, and Jim Crow laws were enacted against African Americans. These laws were established to deny us of our civil rights and allowed for legal discrimination against African Americans.Organizations or groups that fought against these laws were, â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). † They fought these laws by having protests, demonstrations, political organizing, and voter registration drives in the Civil Rights Movement (1950s and 1960s). The results of these actions were laws such as, the Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965). http://national humanitiescenter. org/tserve/freedom/1917beyond/essays/crm. htm). What these laws achieved, with one addition, is the following: â€Å"Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting segregation in employment and public accommodations), the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (banning voting requirements that prevented African Americans from having a political voice), and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (which outlawed discrimination in housing). Together, these laws brought an end to most legal discrimination in public